Abstract: A method for treating an aneurysm in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present technology includes intravascularly delivering a mixture including a biopolymer (e.g., chitosan) and a chemical crosslinking agent (e.g., genipin) to an aneurysm. The method further includes mixing the biopolymer and the chemical crosslinking agent to initiate chemical crosslinking of the biopolymer. The mixture is delivered to the aneurysm via a lumen and an exit port of a catheter while the chemical crosslinking is ongoing. The mixture exits the catheter as a single cohesive strand that at least partially agglomerates to form a mass occupying at least 75% of a total internal volume of the aneurysm. During delivery of the mixture, the method includes expanding a tubular flow diverter to reinforce a neck of the aneurysm.