Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus constituted of: a vessel arranged to contain liquid; at least one first electrode in contact with the liquid; at least one second electrode in contact with the liquid; an electrical pulse generator, a first polarity output of the electrical pulse generator coupled to each of the first electrodes and a second polarity output of the electrical pulse generator coupled to each of the second electrodes, the first polarity opposing the second polarity; at least one third electrode disposed in the liquid in the vessel, and a mechanical force generator arranged to provide a predetermined mechanical force along a predetermined path within the liquid, a portion of the mechanical force applied to the least one third electrode so as to chaotically interrupt a conducting pathway formed by the at least one third electrode between a pair of the first and second electrodes.