Abstract: To provide a blade for electrophotographic apparatus that can have much superior durability as being made low frictional at its touching part and also improved in bonding force between the touching part and the blade member, a blade for electrophotographic apparatus is provided which has a blade member having a touching part which is to come into touch with an object member, and a support member which holds the blade member; the touching part being formed of a material which is different from that for the blade member; the touching part having a touching face having a coefficient of static friction which is smaller than that of a surface of the blade member; and the touching part having a joint surface at which the touching part is joined with the blade member which joint surface has a center line average roughness Ra of from 0.5 ?m to 10.0 ?m.

Abstract: A developing member is provided which is capable of forming a high-quality image by simultaneously solving the problem of fogging in a high temperature and high humidity environment and the problem of ghosts in a low temperature and low humidity environment. The developing member includes a mandrel and a resin layer formed on the periphery of the mandrel, and has an outermost surface layer containing a non-reactive silicone compound. The non-reactive silicone compound satisfies the following requirements: (A) a copolymer of silicone and polyoxyethylene; (B) a specific gravity (25° C.) d of 0.99?d?1.03; and (C) a solubility in water (25° C.) of less than 0.1% by mass.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic developing member which can both be kept from the sticking of a developer and be kept from being deformed by its contacting members, and can form stable images over a long period of time. An electrophotographic developing member characterized in that its surface layer satisfies the following expressions (1) to (3) where the average crosslinking density in each region of up to 100 nm in depth, from 100 nm to 200 nm in depth and from 200 nm to 300 nm in depth from the surface of the surface layer is represented by C1, C2 and C3 (mol/cm3), respectively: C3<C2<C1;??(1) C3×1.3?C1?C3×5.0; and??(2) 2.0×10?4?C3?7.0×10?4.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic developing member which can both be kept from the sticking of a developer and be kept from being deformed by its contacting members, and can form stable images over a long period of time. An electrophotographic developing member characterized in that its surface layer satisfies the following expressions (1) to (3) where the average crosslinking density in each region of up to 100 nm in depth, from 100 nm to 200 nm in depth and from 200 nm to 300 nm in depth from the surface of the surface layer is represented by C1, C2 and C3 (mol/cm3), respectively: C3<C2<C1;??(1) C3×1.3?C1?C3×5.0; and??(2) 2.0×10?4?C3?7.0×10?4.

Abstract: A developing member is provided which is capable of forming a high-quality image by simultaneously solving the problem of fogging in a high temperature and high humidity environment and the problem of ghosts in a low temperature and low humidity environment. The developing member includes a mandrel and a resin layer formed on the periphery of the mandrel, and has an outermost surface layer containing a non-reactive silicone compound. The non-reactive silicone compound satisfies the following requirements: (A) a copolymer of silicone and polyoxyethylene; (B) a specific gravity (25° C.) d of 0.99?d?1.03; and (C) a solubility in water (25° C.) of less than 0.1% by mass.

Abstract: A developing roller is provided having an elastic layer and a surface layer superposed thereon. The surface layer is formed of a resin material containing nitrogen atoms, and contains at least two types of particles, organic-compound particles (M) and organic-compound particles (N). The particles (N) are composed of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-compound particles. The number-average particle diameter of the particles (N) in the surface layer is smaller than the number-average particle diameter of the particles (M) in the surface layer. Where the universal hardness of the elastic layer is represented by A and the universal hardness of the developing roller is represented by B, they satisfies 0.9?B/A?1.8.

Abstract: In a developing roller having a shaft member, a conductive elastic layer provided on the shaft member, and a conductive resin layer constituting a most-surface layer, the conductive resin layer contains a condensed polycyclic organic pigment as exemplified by at least one selected from the group consisting of a quinacridone pigment, a threne pigment, a perylene pigment and a perinone pigment. The developing roller can effectively keep ghosts from occurring and can achieve high image density in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment.

Abstract: In a developing roller having a shaft member, a conductive elastic layer provided on the shaft member, and a conductive resin layer constituting a most-surface layer, the conductive resin layer contains a condensed polycyclic organic pigment as exemplified by at least one selected from the group consisting of a quinacridone pigment, a threne pigment, a perylene pigment and a perinone pigment. The developing roller can effectively keep ghost form occurring and can achieve high image density in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment.

Abstract: A developing roller is provided having an elastic layer and a surface layer superposed thereon. The surface layer is formed of a resin material containing nitrogen atoms, and contains at least two types of particles, organic-compound particles (M) and organic-compound particles (N). The particles (N) are composed of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-compound particles. The number-average particle diameter of the particles (N) in the surface layer is smaller than the number-average particle diameter of the particles (M) in the surface layer. Where the universal hardness of the elastic layer is represented by A and the universal hardness of the developing roller is represented by B, they satisfies 0.9?B/A?1.8.

Abstract: A developing roller having a superior setting ability and having a uniform and high conductivity is provided by improving dispersion and stability of carbon black mixed in a solution of a coating resin, and then forming a resin layer that has a low modulus of elasticity and a high conductivity when coated. The developing roller includes a core shaft, an elastic body layer formed around the core shaft and made of rubber as a main ingredient, and a resin layer coated at least on an outer surface of the elastic body layer. The resin layer contains carbon black having a DBP absorption amount of 80 to 110 ml/100 g, a ratio of a DBP absorption amount to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 0.012 ml/m2, and a ratio of a volatile component to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 2.0×10−4 g/m2.

Abstract: A developing roller having a superior setting ability and having a uniform and high conductivity is provided by improving dispersion and stability of carbon black mixed in a solution of a coating resin, and then forming a resin layer that has a low modulus of elasticity and a high conductivity when coated. The developing roller comprises a core shaft, an elastic body layer formed around the core shaft and made of rubber as a main ingredient, and a resin layer coated at least on an outer surface of the elastic body layer. The resin layer contains carbon black having a DBP absorption amount of 80 to 110 ml/100 g, a ratio of a DBP absorption amount to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 0.012 ml/m2, and a ratio of a volatile component to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 2.0×10−4 g/m2.

Abstract: A developer amount regulating member includes at least a portion for regulating the amount of a developer, which is made of a polyamide elastomer. The content of a polyamide dimer in the polyamide elastomer is decreased to less than 2500 ppm, thereby suppressing blooming of the oligomer component in long-term use or an environment of high temperature and high humidity, and maintaining the good specularity of the regulating member. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the problem of fogging due to blooming, and provide a high-quality image.

Abstract: A developer amount restricting member for restricting the amount of developer on a developer bearing member has: (a) an elastic member urged toward the developer bearing member; and (b) a supporting member supporting the elastic member, wherein, when the transverse end portion of the supporting member is supported, the longitudinal end portions of the elastic member warp toward the supporting member.

Abstract: A developer regulating blade for regulating the amount of toner on a developing roll in an electrostatic image forming apparatus includes and elastic member that forms a nip in cooperation with the developing roll. A supporting member of the regulating blade includes a section that supports the elastic member and another section which does not support the elastic member. The elastic member supporting section has a higher elastic limit than the non-supporting section.

Abstract: An elastic blade is used in a developing device for controlling the amount of a developing agent (or a thickness of a developing agent fed onto a developing sleeve). The blade has on its surface an electrifying layer formed out of a specific polyamide elastomer. The polyamide elastomer is comprised preferably of a block copolymer of polyamide and polyester.

Abstract: A developer regulating member includes a thin plate having a spring property and a polyamide-containing rubber layer disposed on the thin plate. The polyamide-containing rubber layer contains a polyamide having the Shore D hardness between 25 and 65 both inclusive. A developing apparatus includes a developer container for containing a monocomponent developer of negative charging property, a developer carrying member provided in an opening portion of the developer container, for carrying the developer, and a regulating member for forming a nip together with the developer carrying member and regulating a thickness of a developer layer on the developer carrying member. A surface of the regulating member forming the nip is comprised of a polyamide-containing rubber layer containing a polyamide having the Shore D hardness between 25 and 65 both inclusive.

Abstract: This specification discloses a developer regulating member and a developing device provided with this developer regulating member. The developer regulating member is provided with a blade having a rubber base member and thermoplastic resin layers provided on the both surfaces of the rubber base member, and a support member adhesively secured to one surface of the blade.

Abstract: A developer amount controlling member which has a support layer for controlling pressure and an elastic layer for controlling triboelectricity provided thereon, wherein both end portions of the developer amount controlling member are curved from the central portion thereof towards the elastic layer side.

Abstract: An elastic blade is provided with a rubber layer and a surface resin layer provided on the rubber layer, the surface resin layer satisfying the following condition:3.ltoreq.E.times.t.ltoreq.30,whereE: elastic modulus of the surface resin layer (Kg/cm.sup.2);t: thickness of the surface resin layer (cm).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a member for regulating the quantity of a developer, that is free from deterioration in the physical properties thereof, even if the same is used for a long time. The member regulates the quantity of a developer being made of a polyurethane rubber composition which contains an amine-type catalyst.