Abstract: A system for transporting downstream and upstream traffic between service providers and end user terminals is provided. The system may include an apparatus having multiple egress ports configured for transmitting downstream traffic received from the service providers towards nodes adapted for replicating the traffic, at one network layer, and further transmitting the replicated traffic toward the end user terminals. The system may further include a merging unit coupled to ingress port of another apparatus receiving upstream traffic from the user end terminals, where the merging unit is adapted for merging the upstream traffic, at a different network layer, according to which service provider the upstream traffic received from the end user terminals is intended to and for transmitting the merged traffic toward the service providers.

Abstract: Ethernet hardware is configured to realize a load balancing network by using Ethernet bridging hardware that is VLAN-aware.

Abstract: The invention includes a system for transporting type one traffic downstream from a service provider router to end user terminals by replicating the type one traffic at a first network layer and transporting type two traffic upstream from the end user terminals to the service provider router by merging the type two traffic at a second network layer, where the first and second network layers are different. One apparatus according to the invention includes a plurality of unidirectional egress ports configurable for transmitting type one traffic towards a plurality of type one nodes adapted for replicating the type one configurable for receiving type two traffic, and a merging unit coupled to the plurality of unidirectional ingress ports, wherein the merging unit is adapted for merging the type two traffic at a second network layer.

Abstract: Ethernet hardware is configured to realize a load balancing network by using Ethernet bridging hardware that is VLAN-aware.