Abstract: Reverse Language Resonance methods are described for instructing a target language to a learner who speaks a native language. The methods may include providing to the learner a predetermined lesson comprising a lesson text of a plurality of lesson words that are exclusively in the target language. The methods may further include priming implicit memory of the learner. The methods may further include displaying the lesson text on a display and playing a recorded version of spoken words of the lesson text on an audio output while the lesson text is displayed. The methods may further include instructing the learner to perform Concurrent Triple Activity including simultaneously reading the lesson text on the display, listening to the spoken words from the audio output, and repeating the spoken words along with the recorded version into an audio input while the recorded version is playing.

Abstract: Reverse Language Resonance methods are described for instructing a target language to a learner who speaks a native language. The methods may include providing to the learner a predetermined lesson comprising a lesson text of a plurality of lesson words that are exclusively in the target language. The methods may further include priming implicit memory of the learner. The methods may further include displaying the lesson text on a display and playing a recorded version of spoken words of the lesson text on an audio output while the lesson text is displayed. The methods may further include instructing the learner to perform Concurrent Triple Activity including simultaneously reading the lesson text on the display, listening to the spoken words from the audio output, and repeating the spoken words along with the recorded version into an audio input while the recorded version is playing.

Abstract: A keyboard comprises a plurality of regular keys, and an inverted T-shaped key subdividing the regular keys into two sections including one section for preferably left-hand operation and another section preferably for right-hand operation. A keyboard further comprises a trackball and/or two rollers requiring minimal hand movement in using them for mouse emulation.