Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing and burning synthesis gas. Carbonaceous waste material is pyrolytically decomposed in a primary reactor in the presence of steam to produce raw product gas containing H2 and CO. The raw product gas and CO2 is then introduced into a coke containing secondary reactor under pyrolyzing conditions, so that the CO2 and coke react to produce combustible gas having an increased CO content. The combustible gas is mixed with oxygen and CO2 to produce a combustible mixture which is burned as a fuel to produce heat, CO2 and H2O. A portion of the produced CO2 is recovered and used as the source of CO2 gas in the combustible mixture and as a source of CO2 gas for the secondary reactor. Preferably filters and scrubbers are used in a closed loop system to avoid undesirable emissions into the environment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing and burning synthesis gas. Carbonaceous waste material is pyrolytically decomposed in a primary reactor in the presence of steam to produce raw product gas containing H2 and CO. The raw product gas and CO2 is then introduced into a coke containing secondary reactor under pyrolyzing conditions, so that the CO2 and coke react to produce combustible gas having an increased CO content. The combustible gas is mixed with oxygen and CO2 to produce a combustible mixture which is burned as a fuel to produce heat, CO2 and H2O. A portion of the produced CO2 is recovered and used as the source of CO2 gas in the combustible mixture and as a source of CO2 gas for the secondary reactor. Preferably filters and scrubbers are used in a closed loop system to avoid undesirable emissions into the environment.

Abstract: An electric arc is used for reacting carbonaceous materials and water to produce a combustible gaseous product comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane as its major components, wherein the electrothermal and photochemical effects of the arc result in the production of active chemical species which cause and participate in the gasification reactions.

Abstract: A process for the gasification or combined gasification and liquefaction of carbon or carbonaceous materials by utilizing electrochemically generated atomic hydrogen to activate the chemical reaction between the ions of dissociated water and the carbon or carbonaceous material in an electrolysis cell, thereby producing gaseous or combined gaseous and liquid products in amounts exceeding the Faraday equivalents of such products for the amount of electrical energy consumed.

Abstract: A combined solar-wind energy conversion system in which the combined effects of solar and wind energy are utilized in raising water from a lower to an upper water storage tank to increase its potential energy for generation of electricity. Incoming solar energy heats water to form steam which is temporarily stored. The stored steam is vented to one of first and second steam storage tanks from which it is coupled to first and second water pumping tanks. When the water enters one of the water pumping tanks, it forces the water temporarily stored therein to flow upwards the first steam storage tank. As soon as the water pumping tank is emptied, the steam condenses forming a partial vacuum in the tank. The vacuum causes water to be drawn from the lower water storage tank into the corresponding water pumping tank and the process repeated. The second water pumping tank is filled while the first water storage tank is emptied. Water flowing from the first water storage tank turns an electrical generator.

Abstract: A combined solar-wind energy conversion system in which the combined effects of solar and wind energy are utilized in raising water from a lower to an upper water storage tank to increase its potential energy for generation of electricity. Incoming solar energy heats water to form steam which is temporarily stored. The stored steam is vented to one of first and second steam storage tanks from which it is coupled to first and second water pumping tanks. When the water enters one of the water pumping tanks, it forces the water temporarily stored therein to flow upwards the first steam storage tank. As soon as the water pumping tank is emptied, the steam condenses forming a partial vacuum in the tank. The vacuum causes water to be drawn from the lower water storage tank into the corresponding water pumping tank and the process repeated. The second water pumping tank is filled while the first water storage tank is emptied. Water flowing from the first water storage tank turns an electrical generator.

Abstract: An electrolyzer device and apparatus for producing water gas at room temperature and pressures that is substantially free from impurities. An electrolyzer cell is described in which a body of carbon-containing material such as pure carbon, graphite, coal or coke is positioned in contact with water which has been rendered conductive by the addition of a solute such as sulphuric acid. A current is passed through the carbon-containing material and water thereby producing water gas as an output product. In one embodiment, the carbon-containing material is pulverized, immersed in conductive water, contacted on one side by a lining of hard carbon material such as graphite and on the other by a porous conductive electrode.

Abstract: A fuel additive injection device for injecting an additive into an automotive engine to slow down the burning rate of gasoline while the engine is under heavy load, thereby reducing knocking or pre-ignition while increasing engine output power and increasing fuel mileage. A vacuum chamber having a diaphragm therein is connected to the intake manifold of the engine so that the diaphragm moves back and forth as the pressure in the intake manifold changes. A connecting rod is coupled to the side of the diaphragm opposite to the interior of the chamber. A needle valve connected to the diaphragm through a control rod and a connecting rod and positioned through a valve seat in a flow control passage regulates the flow of additive into the intake manifold of the engine, preferably through the throat of the carburetor. When the pressure in the chamber increases corresponding to a heavy engine load, the needle valve opens increasing the flow of additive to the engine which in turn reduces the burning rate.