Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical heating element which is in the form of a flat piece and has the following layers: a first ceramic substrate in a burnt state, a resistance layer composed of a resistance material which is applied to the first ceramic substrate, a low-melting-point glass layer, which completely covers the resistance layer 16, such that the resistance layer is an integral component of the glass layer, and a second ceramic substrate in a burnt state, which completely covers the glass layer. The invention also relates to a method for its production.

Abstract: An oscillator for producing an oscillating signal with reduced harmonics includes an oscillator stage coupled to an output stage having a relatively fast switching speed yet producing an oscillating signal having relatively slow rise and fall times so that the harmonics output by the oscillator are reduced. In one embodiment, the oscillator includes an output stage having low power Schottky circuitry, and in a second embodiment, the output stage includes a capacitor connected across the output stage of the oscillator to increase the rise and fall times of the oscillator.