Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods of detecting and treating immunotherapy-resistant B cell malignancies. Methods of detection include detecting a glycosylation state of CD19 or detecting expression or activity of SPPL3 in malignant B cells, comparing to a reference state or value, and determining that the B cell malignancy is resistant to immunotherapy if the glycosylation state of CD19 or expression or activity of SPPL3 is substantially increased or decreased relative to corresponding reference levels. Also provided are therapeutic agents capable of modulating CD19 glycosylation or SPPL3 expression or activity for treatment of B cell malignancies in combination with CD19-targeted immunotherapies.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods to predict the risk of developing immunotherapy-associated neurotoxicity in a subject by measuring neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in a biological sample obtained from the subject, wherein the subject is receiving or may receive an immunotherapy such as CAR T cell therapy.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating a viral infection may comprise use of a nanoparticle composition. A nanoparticle composition of the present disclosure may comprise a targeting moiety and/or anti-viral agent and reduces the infectivity of a virus for a host cell. A method of treating a viral infection may comprise administering a composition comprising a nanoparticle of the present disclosure, to a subject and reducing the infectivity of the virus for a host cell of the subject. The compositions may be administered via intranasal or systemic administration to treat or prevent a viral infection, for example a coronavirus infection.