Abstract: A system for recognition and/or determination of the volume of bodies or substances made of dielectric and/or conductive material within an interior of a measuring cell in the form of a container, with a conductive and/or non-conductive measuring cell wall that has a surface directed into the interior, includes an ultra broadband microwave unit, and at least one ultra-broadband antenna having at least one disk-shaped carrier substrate which has a first surface facing a first side and a second surface which is opposed to the first surface and forms an outer side of the antenna, wherein the carrier substrate is arranged and intended to replace part of the surface of the measuring cell wall directed into the interior during operation, after fastening the ultra-broadband antenna to the measuring cell, or to extend in the interior at a distance in front of the measuring cell wall, wherein the ultra-broadband antenna includes emitter elements arranged on or in the carrier substrate is set up as an electrically shor

Abstract: A filling level measuring device, a method for capacitive filling level measurement of filling material in a container that includes a counter electrode integrated therein using a filling level probe, and a method for calibrating a filling level probe, include introducing the filling level probe into the container, the filling level probe having a first and a second electrode provided thereon and spaced apart from one another and extending one after the other and substantially parallel to the counter electrode such that a measurement section is defined along the first and second electrodes and the spacing therebetween. The filling level probe can be operated in a first, second, or third measurement mode, by being able to switch over between a measurement potential or a shielding potential that can each be applied to the first and second electrodes, respectively, while a counter electrode potential is always applied to the counter electrode.

Abstract: A system for recognition and/or determination of the volume of bodies or substances made of dielectric and/or conductive material within an interior of a measuring cell in the form of a container, with a conductive and/or non-conductive measuring cell wall that has a surface directed into the interior, includes an ultra broadband microwave unit, and at least one ultra-broadband antenna having at least one disk-shaped carrier substrate which has a first surface facing a first side and a second surface which is opposed to the first surface and forms an outer side of the antenna, wherein the carrier substrate is arranged and intended to replace part of the surface of the measuring cell wall directed into the interior during operation, after fastening the ultra-broadband antenna to the measuring cell, or to extend in the interior at a distance in front of the measuring cell wall, wherein the ultra-broadband antenna includes emitter elements arranged on or in the carrier substrate is set up as an electrically shor

Abstract: A sensor and a method for detecting objects using an inductive sensor. An electrical alternating field is generated by using an oscillating circuit, wherein the amplitude and/or frequency of a signal of the oscillating circuit changes when an object is present. The signal of the oscillating circuit is rectified. The rectified signal is relayed to a high-pass filter, wherein damping of the oscillating circuit caused by nonmoving objects is filtered by the high-pass filter. The signal is compared with a threshold value, and an output signal is generated when the signal value is above or below the threshold value.

Abstract: A method for capacitive fill level measurement of liquids and/or bulk materials in a container using at least one measuring sensor that is connected to a measuring electronics, wherein the measuring sensor is constructed from a plurality of, at least three, electrodes which are electrically insulated from one another and which, for measuring the fill level, are inserted into the container, and in the inserted state extend into the container, and wherein these at least three electrodes are connected to the measuring electronics and are operated in at least one first or in at least one second measuring mode. The invention further relates to a device for capacitive fill level measurement of liquids and/or bulk materials in a container.

Abstract: A method for capacitive fill level measurement of liquids and/or bulk materials in a container using at least one measuring sensor that is connected to a measuring electronics, wherein the measuring sensor is constructed from a plurality of, at least three, electrodes which are electrically insulated from one another and which, for measuring the fill level, are inserted into the container, and in the inserted state extend into the container, and wherein these at least three electrodes are connected to the measuring electronics and are operated in at least one first or in at least one second measuring mode. The invention further relates to a device for capacitive fill level measurement of liquids and/or bulk materials in a container.

Abstract: The switched state of a pressure switch in a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle is used for testing the function of the tank ventilation system, the pressure switch being in a low-pressure position if the pressure in the tank ventilation system is lower than a predefined pressure limit while being in a high-pressure position if that is not the case. A defective pressure switch can result in wrong assessments. Disclosed is a method for testing the function of the pressure switch, the method encompassing the following steps: a switched state of the pressure switch is detected; a measure is carried out that increases the pressure in the tank ventilation system above the pressure limit if the pressure switch is in the low-pressure position; a defect of the pressure switch is identified if the pressure switch remains in the low-pressure position after carrying out the measure.

Abstract: A safety system for vehicle occupants having a device for determining the position of the vehicle occupant. A status monitor to which the output signals of sensors are conveyed is provided for determining the position of the vehicle occupant, the sensors detecting the acceleration of the vehicle and the weight of the vehicle occupant. A method for controlling a safety system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inductive sensor in which static damping of the sensor is suppressed.

Abstract: In a method for activating occupant protection means as a function of at least one input quantity derived from at least one acceleration sensor, characteristic curves are calculated for the input quantities deceleration, forward displacement and/or speed reduction, which characteristic curves define at least one area in a quadrant of a coordinate system, which determines the deployment behavior of the occupant protection means.

Abstract: The switched state of a pressure switch in a tank ventilation system of a motor vehicle is used for testing the function of the tank ventilation system, the pressure switch being in a low-pressure position if the pressure in the tank ventilation system is lower than a predefined pressure limit while being in a high-pressure position if that is not the case. A defective pressure switch can result in wrong assessments. Disclosed is a method for testing the function of the pressure switch, the method encompassing the following steps: a switched state of the pressure switch is detected; a measure is carried out that increases the pressure in the tank ventilation system above the pressure limit if the pressure switch is in the low-pressure position; a defect of the pressure switch is identified if the pressure switch remains in the low-pressure position after carrying out the measure.

Abstract: A safety system for vehicle occupants having a device for determining the position of the vehicle occupant. A status monitor to which the output signals of sensors are conveyed is provided for determining the position of the vehicle occupant, the sensors detecting the acceleration of the vehicle and the weight of the vehicle occupant. A method for controlling a safety system.

Abstract: In a method for the plausibility check of the shut-down time of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine for a subsequent diagnostic process, it is proposed that after the internal combustion engine is turned on, a first control device for the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle determines a first shut-down time T1, which is limited to a specified run-on time TN, and a second control device of the motor vehicle determines a second shut-down time T2, whereby the difference ?T is formed from the first shut-down time T1 and the second shut-down time T2, and the second shut-down time T2 is found to be plausible if the difference ?T lies within a range that is defined based on the first shut-down time T1 or the run-on time TN. In accordance with the proposal, a simple plausibility check of the second shut-down time T2 is performed and the conditioning of the internal combustion engine can be examined based on this second shut-down time T2, and optionally a diagnostic process can be started.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for checking the gastightness of a motor vehicle tank ventilation system consisting essentially of a fuel tank, an adsorption filter, a ventilation line with a pressure sensor, a fresh air line with an adsorption filter check valve (AAV), and a regeneration line with a tank ventilation valve (TEV) to the internal combustion engine. To compensate for the outgassing of fuel, the total diagnosis time tD is formed from the negative pressure buildup time t1 and the negative pressure decay time t2 as a measure of the tightness of the tank ventilation system and is compared to a corresponding diagnosis time threshold tDS.

Abstract: In a method for the plausibility check of the shut-down time of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine for a subsequent diagnostic process, it is proposed that after the internal combustion engine is turned on, a first control device for the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle determines a first shut-down time T1, which is limited to a specified run-on time TN, and a second control device of the motor vehicle determines a second shut-down time T2, whereby the difference ?T is formed from the first shut-down time T1 and the second shut-down time T2, and the second shut-down time T2 is found to be plausible if the difference ?T lies within a range that is defined based on the first shut-down time T1 or the run-on time TN. In accordance with the proposal, a simple plausibility check of the second shut-down time T2 is performed and the conditioning of the internal combustion engine can be examined based on this second shut-down time T2, and optionally a diagnostic process can be started.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for checking the gastightness of a motor vehicle tank ventilation system consisting essentially of a fuel tank (2), an adsorption filter (4), a ventilation line (5) with a pressure sensor (6), a fresh air line (7) with an adsorption filter check valve (AAV), and a regeneration line (10) with a tank ventilation valve (TEV) to the internal combustion engine (9). To compensate for the outgassing of fuel, the total diagnosis time tD is formed from the negative pressure buildup time t1 and the negative pressure decay time t2 as a measure of the tightness of the tank ventilation system (1) and is compared to a corresponding diagnosis time threshold tDS.

Abstract: In an electronic postage meter and external servicing system, a method and apparatus are disclosed for loading data in a universal format from the external servicing device to the postage meter. Data packets sent from the external servicing device to the postage meter contain an address in the memory address space of the processor as well as data to be loaded to that address. Optionally the data packet may include a data length value and a repetition value, the repetition value indicating how many times the data are to be copied into the memory of the processor. The system overcomes limitations of the prior art in which data packets may only be sent to the meter for loading to a limited set of selectable destinations.

Abstract: In an autoclave containing a sealing agent and/or lubricant the improvement wherein said sealing agent or lubricant is a polyether-polyol which has an average OH-functionality of 5.0 to 7.0 and an average OH number of 250 to 500 prepared by reacting a mixture of sucrose and at least one other starting molecule chosen from the group comprising(a) polyhydric alcohols with an OH-functionality of less than 8,(b) monoamines or polyamines which contain at least 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to the amino nitrogen and(c) water, with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyester filaments and fibers and a process for the production of such polyester filaments and fibers which can be dyed in the absence of a carrier which comprises introducing into the polymer to be spun a silicate charged with an inert gas melt, spinning the mixture obtained in known manner and further processing into filaments or fibers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a high molecular weight polyester by reacting a dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof with a diol in the presence of a catalyst comprising a combination of compounds of manganese, magnesium and titanium.