Abstract: A deuterium lamp starting circuit utilizing the arc-defining aperture cage of the lamp as the arc-starting electrode to enable the application of a positive, low starting voltage simultaneously with the application of the filament voltage. This positive, low starting voltage is applied to the cage which operates as a starting electrode. After the anode to cathode arc strikes and the anode voltage decreases below the cutoff level, current between the cage and the cathode is reduced and the current flows between the cathode and the anode of the tube.

Abstract: A cuvette for liquid chromatographic analysis and like determinations having a chamber through which the liquid being analyzed flows, a single optical body for directing exciting light to the chamber and emitted light to a detector and means for holding the optical body in intimate contact with the chamber.

Abstract: Multi-channel analyzer for the optical comparison of sample fractions separated by liquid chromatography for detecting differences or ratios between, for example, reference and sample, solvent and sample, buffer and sample, or two different samples, having a single light source, a single dispersing element and a single collimating, refocusing optic for each spectrum produced, wherein the reference and sample passing through flow cuvettes are exposed and the ratio or difference between the optical characteristics of the reference and the sample are read.

Abstract: Multi-channel analyzer for the optical comparison of sample fractions separated by liquid chromatography for detecting differences or ratios between, for example, reference and sample, solvent and sample, buffer and sample, or two different samples, having a single light source, a single dispersing element and a single collimating, refocusing optic for each spectrum produced, wherein the reference and sample passing through flow cuvettes are exposed and the ratio or difference between the optical characteristics of the reference and the sample are read.