Abstract: Disclosed is an improved multi-step process for preparing a compound of Formula I: wherein R1 to R3 are as defined herein. The compounds of formula I inhibit the binding of human intercellular adhesion molecules to the Leukointegrins. As a result, these compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory and immune cell-mediated diseases.

Abstract: A process for preparing tropenol (I) or an acid addition salt thereof, the process comprising: (a) reducing a scopine ester of formula (II)  wherein R is C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-alkylene-phenyl, each optionally substituted by hydroxy or C1-C4-alkoxy, or an acid addition salt or hydrate thereof, using zinc in a suitable solvent in the presence of an activating metal salt; and (b) saponifying the product of (a) using a suitable base to obtain the tropenol of formula (I) or the acid addition salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing tropenol (I) 1

Abstract: A process for purifying 20(S)-camptothecin, the process comprising: (a) combining an aqueous base and a starting material containing 20(S)-camptothecin to convert the lactone ring of the 20(S)-camptothecin into a carboxylate salt; (b) hydrogenating to the product of step (a) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst; (c) acidifying the aqueous phase of the product of step (b) to form 20(S)-camptothecin crystals; (d) adding at least one polar aprotic solvent to the product of step (c); and (e) separating off the purified 20(S)-camptothecin crystals.

Abstract: A process for purifying 20(S)-camptothecin, the process comprising:

Abstract: In order to preheat a particle mat having upper and lower faces and edges to a predetermined desired temperature for pressing into a pressed board air is conditioned to a temperature below 100.degree. C. and a moisture content together imparting to the conditioned air a dew point generally equal to the desired temperature. This conditioned air is simultaneously introduced from above and below at the same rate into the respective faces of the mat to produce in the mat a pair of horizontal and vertically approaching fronts at which moisture condenses out of the conditioned air. Introduction of the conditioned air into the mat is ended when condensed moisture and the conditioned air are forced out of the edges of the mat.

Abstract: A particle mat for pressing into a pressed board is heated by concurrently passing through the mat treatment air coming from an air-conditioning system and having a predetermined moisture content and dew point, heating the treatment air passing through the mat to a temperature which is greater by a dew-point differential than the dew point of the treatment air, and controlling the volume rate of flow of the treatment air and the moisture content of the treatment air such that the mat is preheated to a predetermined temperature while liquid in the treatment air is allowed to condense in the mat to at most a maximum liquid content.