Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus comprising a feed arranged below the middle of the apparatus, a quenching agent inlet arranged above the feed, an outlet arranged below the feed and a draw arranged above the quenching agent inlet, the apparatus having a region provided with one or more packing elements, wherein at least one means which ensures the formation of a liquid layer having a height of at least 1 cm is present between the quenching agent inlet and a packing element present between the quenching agent inlet and feed. The present invention also provides a process for preparing acrylic acid, which includes a step of oxidizing acrolein, wherein the reaction mixture obtained in this oxidation is contacted with water as quenching agent in an inventive apparatus, and a composition obtainable as bottom product in the process according to the invention, comprising acrylic acid and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning hydrocarbon mixtures, in which a contaminated hydrocarbon mixture comprising hydrocarbons having three to eight carbon atoms is at least partly freed of impurities by contacting with a solid sorbent, wherein the hydrocarbon mixture is exclusively in the liquid state during contact with the sorbent. The object of the invention is to specify a process for cleaning liquid C3 to C8 hydrocarbon mixtures, which is based on a readily available but non-carcinogenic sorbent and which achieves better purities compared to traditional molecular sieves. This object is achieved by using, as sorbents, solid materials of the following composition: copper oxide: 10% to 60% by weight (calculated as CuO); zinc oxide: 10% to 60% by weight (calculated as ZnO); aluminum oxide: 10% to 30% by weight (calculated as Al2O3); other substances: 0% to 5% by weight. Materials of this kind are otherwise used as catalysts in methanol synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning hydrocarbon mixtures, in which a contaminated hydrocarbon mixture comprising hydrocarbons having three to eight carbon atoms is at least partly freed of impurities by contacting with a solid sorbent, wherein the hydrocarbon mixture is exclusively in the liquid state during contact with the sorbent. The object of the invention is to specify a process for cleaning liquid C3 to C8 hydrocarbon mixtures, which is based on a readily available but non-carcinogenic sorbent and which achieves better purities compared to traditional molecular sieves. This object is achieved by using, as sorbents, solid materials of the following composition: copper oxide: 10% to 60% by weight (calculated as CuO); zinc oxide: 10% to 60% by weight (calculated as ZnO); aluminum oxide: 10% to 30% by weight (calculated as Al2O3); other substances: 0% to 5% by weight. Materials of this kind are otherwise used as catalysts in methanol synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device comprising a feed which is arranged below the center of the device, a quenching agent inlet which is arranged above the feed, an outlet which is arranged below the feed, and a discharge which is arranged above the quenching agent inlet, said device having a region provided with one or more packets between the quenching agent inlet and the feed. The device is characterized in that at least one means is provided between the quenching agent inlet and a packet provided between the quenching agent inlet and the feed, said means ensuring the formation of a liquid layer with a height of at least 1 cm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thioetherification of mercaptanes with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, carried out in a reactor with the addition of hydrogen, using a heterogenic catalyst and in the presence of 1-butene. The aim of the invention is to develop such a method to the extent that the creation of value from the C4 raw material stream is increased. Said aim is achieved in that the hydrogen is added to the reaction in such a manner that the molar ratio of hydrogen to polyunsaturated hydrocarbons is no more than one.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, referred to hereinafter as isophoronediamine or, in abbreviated form, IPDA, by: I. preparation of isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensations with acetone as reactant; II. reaction of isophorone with HCN to form isophoronenitrile (IPN, 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone); III. catalytic hydrogenation and/or catalytic reductive amination (also referred to as aminative hydrogenation) of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, hereinafter called isophoronenitrile or, in abbreviated form, IPN, to give the isophoronediamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thioetherification of mercaptanes with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, carried out in a reactor with the addition of hydrogen, using a heterogenic catalyst and in the presence of 1-butene. The aim of the invention is to develop such a method to the extent that the creation of value from the C4 raw material stream is increased. Said aim is achieved in that the hydrogen is added to the reaction in such a manner that the molar ratio of hydrogen to polyunsaturated hydrocarbons is no more than one.

Abstract: A process for preparing isobutene by dissociation of MTBE, including: a) reaction of isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures, with methanol, present in one or more methanol-containing streams, over acidic ion exchangers to give a stream, containing MTBE and TBA; b) separation of a stream containing MTBE and TBA, from a stream by distillation; c) dissociation of a stream in the gas phase over a heterogeneous catalyst to give a stream containing at least isobutene, methanol, MTBE and water and possibly TBA, d) separation of a stream by distillation to give a stream containing in each case more than 50% by mass of the amounts of methanol, TBA and water present in another stream and a stream containing isobutene, e) separation of water from stream to below 1% by mass by distillation to give a stream, f) total or partial recirculation of the methanol-containing stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for efficient purification of MTBE-containing mixtures and for preparation of isobutene by cracking of MTBE-containing mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for efficient purification of MTBE-containing mixtures and for preparation of isobutene by cracking of MTBE-containing mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, referred to hereinafter as isophoronediamine or, in abbreviated form, IPDA, by: I. preparation of isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensations with acetone as reactant; II. reaction of isophorone with HCN to form isophoronenitrile (IPN, 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone); III. catalytic hydrogenation and/or catalytic reductive amination (also referred to as aminative hydrogenation) of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, hereinafter called isophoronenitrile or, in abbreviated form, IPN, to give the isophoronediamine.

Abstract: The invention is a method for processing a mixture containing water, 3-methyl-1-butane and at least one other methylbutene. The method comprises primary distillation of the mixture, giving a gaseous primary overhead product containing methylbutene and water and a water-free primary bottom product containing 3-methyl-1-butene; condensation of the gaseous primary overhead product so as to give a condensate comprising a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; separation of the condensate into a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; discharge of the liquid aqueous phase; recirculation of the organic phase to the primary distillation; and finally secondary distillation of the water-free primary bottom product from the primary distillation so as to give a secondary overhead product comprising 3-methyl-1-butene and a secondary bottom product. The secondary overhead product obtained has a purity which enables it to be used directly as monomer or comonomer for preparing polymers or copolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing ETBE from technical mixtures which comprise at least 1-butene, isobutene, n-butane and 2-butenes, by reacting the isobutene present, distillatively removing a fraction comprising 1-butene and isobutene and again reacting the isobutene present therein to give ETBE.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isobutene by cracking MTBE, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) MTBE synthesis; reacting isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures (II) with methanol (III), contained in one or more methanol-containing streams (VIII, IX), on acidic ion exchangers obtaining a stream (IV) containing MTBE and TBA, b) MTBE separation; separating a stream (V) containing MTBE and TBA from stream (IV) by means of distillation, c) MTBE cracking; cracking the stream (V) on a heterogenic catalyst in the gas phase, thus obtaining a stream (VI) which contains at least isobutene, methanol, MTBE, water, and optionally TBA, d) isobutene separation; separating the stream (VI) by means of distillation, thus obtaining a stream (VII) containing more than 50 mass % of the amounts of methanol, TBA, and water contained in stream (VI), and a stream (XVII) containing isobutene, e) water separation; separating, water from the stream (VII) to below 1 mass % by means of distillation, thus obta

Abstract: The invention is a method for processing a mixture containing water, 3-methyl-1-butene and at least one other methylbutene. The method comprises primary distillation of the mixture, giving a gaseous primary overhead product containing methylbutene and water and a water-free primary bottom product containing 3-methyl-1-butene; condensation of the gaseous primary overhead product so as to give a condensate comprising a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; separation of the condensate into a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; discharge of the liquid aqueous phase; recirculation of the organic phase to the primary distillation; and finally secondary distillation of the water-free primary bottom product from the primary distillation so as to give a secondary overhead product comprising 3-methyl-1-butene and a secondary bottom product. The secondary overhead product obtained has a purity which enables it to be used directly as monomer or comonomer for preparing polymers or copolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butene from technical mixtures which comprise at least 1-butene, isobutene, n-butane and 2-butenes by partial conversion of the isobutene present, distillative removal of a fraction comprising 1-butene and isobutene, and conversion of the isobutene present therein to tert-butyl ethers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butenic fractions having less than 2000 ppm of isobutene in relation to 1-butene from technical mixtures of C4 hydrocarbons I which contain at least 1-butene and 2000 ppmw to 8% by mass of isobutene based on the 1-butene, with or without n-butane, isobutane and/or 2-butenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butenic fractions having less than 2000 ppm of isobutene in relation to 1-butene from technical mixtures of C4 hydrocarbons I which contain at least 1-butene and 2000 ppmw to 8% by mass of isobutene based on the 1-butene, with or without n-butane, isobutane and/or 2-butenes.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) using low-water ethanol obtained by membrane dewatering at least two streams of relatively water-rich ethanol that have a different water content. by dewatering at membranes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process by which C4- to C6-olefins or an essentially sulfur-free olefin cut comprising C4- to C6-olefins is isomerized over a catalyst comprising an element of the eighth transition group of the Periodic Table, in the presence of at least one added sulfur compound, and any polyunsaturated hydrocarbons contained therein are selectively hydrogenated and hydroisomerized, and also the sulfur compounds are separated from the product and optionally recycled, so that virtually sulfur-free products are obtained.