Abstract: In the case of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger motorcar, with a body in which at least one opening, such as a door opening, a trunk opening or the like is provided, which can be closed off by a pivotably articulated covering element, such as a door, a tail gate, a trunk lid or the like, which has an outer skin and a support structure and at least one function element arranged in between, which is connected to the outer skin, the function element is provided to stiffening structures and directly connected to the support structure.

Abstract: A hydraulic press can include a press frame with a press table arranged thereto and a traveling press platen arranged therein, in which at least one rapid motion cylinder with a platen connection can be arranged for the rapid no-load stroke of the press platen, in which at least one working cylinder with a piston directed toward the press table can be rigidly arranged on the upper crosshead of the press frame, in which a coupling device and opposed thereto a crosshead with at least one positioning and synchronizing cylinder for the piston can be arranged on the piston toward the press table, in which the piston can include a centrically arranged cylindrical extension for the sliding guide of a connecting device, such as a toothed rack, in which this connecting device can be connected to the press platen.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement comprises a sensor responsive to a measurement parameter as a sensor signal and a signal processing means for the sensor signal, the signal processing means having a switching stage for comparison of the sensor signal with a comparison or switching value and for producing a switching signal in a manner dependent on the comparison. A functional stage is present, which constitutes one function of the sensor signal, is comprised in the signal processing means, such function including a time derivative of the sensor signal or a sensor signal value modified by an additive factor, and the output signal of the functional stage forming the comparison of switching value for the switching stage.

Abstract: A hydraulic press can include a press frame with a press table arranged thereto and a traveling press platen arranged therein, in which at least one rapid motion cylinder with a platen connection can be arranged for the rapid no-load stroke of the press platen, in which at least one working cylinder with a piston directed toward the press table can be rigidly arranged on the upper crosshead of the press frame, in which a coupling device and opposed thereto a crosshead with at least one positioning and synchronizing cylinder for the piston can be arranged on the piston toward the press table, in which the piston can include a centrically arranged cylindrical extension for the sliding guide of a connecting device, such as a toothed rack, in which this connecting device can be connected to the press platen.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement comprises a sensor responsive to a measurement parameter as a sensor signal and a signal processing means for the sensor signal, said means having a switching stage for comparison of the sensor signal with a comparison or switching value and for producing a switching signal in a manner dependent on the comparison. A functional stage is present, which constitutes one function of the sensor signal, is comprised in the signal processing means, such function including a time derivative of the sensor signal or a sensor signal value modified by an additive factor, and the output signal of the functional stage forming the comparison of switching value for the switching stage. As a result simply processed binary signals are produced which may comprise not only functions in a manner dependent on the sensor signal but also functions derived therefrom and additional parameters.

Abstract: A distance measuring device is capable of measuring a distance to a piston with a cylinder both discretely and continuously. The distance measuring device includes a coupling probe located axially symmetrically with respect to a piston rod within the cylinder. The coupling probe transmits a continuous wave electromagnetic signal into the cylinder and detects its reflection to measure the distance to the piston while the piston is moving.