Abstract: The invention contributes to combat climate change by enabling the operation of a photovoltaic (PV) plant at high performance by providing based on the typically available metering a more or less topology agnostic automated set-up. Additional information can also be used such as sun positions and/or being designed for nominal powers. The invention relates to a method for determining performance deviation of a PV configuration, only taking electrical measurements into account thus excluding irradiance data. In addition, a method is provided for detecting underperformance within a PV plant with high accuracy. The invention also relates to a method for determining long-term degradation of a PV installation.

Abstract: A intake manifold or splitter for an internal combustion engine and a process for production of same wherein a functional unit, comprised of a shaft with valves attached thereto, is assembled with bearing parts comprising clothespin-like clamps that clamp onto the shaft to form a sub-assembly which is mounted as a unit into receiving housing of the manifold or splitter, wherein a molding or over-molding at is provided at a level of the contact surface of a connection plate to lock the assembly of valves, shaft and bearings into the receiving housings and form sealing formations that seal against gases between the intake manifold or splitter and the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Process for producing an intake manifold with several pipes provided with valves and ending at the level of a common plate that defines a contact surface with the cylinder end block. This process includes: Providing a functional unit [shaft (5)/valves (6)], parts (7) to be inserted that form bearings, and a manifold body (1?) or splitter body (1); Installing the functional unit [shaft (5)/valves (6)/parts forming bearings (7)] in end portions (2?) of the pipes (2), and recesses and/or housings for the receiving (8, 9) of the plate (4); Implementing an over-molding at the level of the plate (4), the material connected by over-molding ensuring, the mechanical locking of the components of the completed functional unit in their recesses and/or housings that respectively receive them and that constitute formations that work with or produce the sealing against gases between the end portions and the cylinder head block.