Abstract: A method of determining payload potential may include the steps of receiving data on a first bias voltage and a resulting first collected current of a first needle of a multi-needle Langmuir probe, receiving data on a second bias voltage and a resulting second collected current of a second needle of the multi-needle Langmuir probe, assigning a value for the electron temperature in which the multi-needle Langmuir probe was operating, and using the current and voltage data, the assigned electron temperature value and Langmuir probe theory to calculate the platform potential of the multi-needle Langmuir probe.

Abstract: A method of preparing wood for packing comprises: loading wood lengthwise into a conveyor system; conveying the wood pieces one-by-one onto a loading hatch in a predetermined orientation; when a wood piece is fully on the loading hatch, opening the loading hatch and dropping the wood piece in the predetermined orientation into a measuring compartment; repeating the conveying and dropping process so that multiple wood pieces are stacked in the same orientation in the measuring compartment; and, when a required amount of stacked wood is within the measuring compartment, dropping the stacked wood pieces into a packing area.

Abstract: A method of preparing wood for packing comprises: loading wood lengthwise into a conveyor system; conveying the wood pieces one-by-one onto a loading hatch in a predetermined orientation; when a wood piece is fully on the loading hatch, opening the loading hatch and dropping the wood piece in the predetermined orientation into a measuring compartment; repeating the conveying and dropping process so that multiple wood pieces are stacked in the same orientation in the measuring compartment; and, when a required amount of stacked wood is within the measuring compartment, dropping the stacked wood pieces into a packing area.

Abstract: A method of determining payload potential may include the steps of receiving data on a first bias voltage and a resulting first collected current of a first needle of a multi-needle Langmuir probe, receiving data on a second bias voltage and a resulting second collected current of a second needle of the multi-needle Langmuir probe, assigning a value for the electron temperature in which the multi-needle Langmuir probe was operating, and using the current and voltage data, the assigned electron temperature value and Langmuir probe theory to calculate the platform potential of the multi-needle Langmuir probe.

Abstract: A composition for use as a substitute for petrolatum and for surface treatment of confectionery, food products and surfaces which get in contact therewith as well as for external treatment of animals and plants comprises (a) oxidation resistant glyceride oil and/or liquid wax, (b) solid wax, which may be omitted if (a) comprises liquid wax, (c) structuring fat, and optionally (d) additions selected from crystallization inhibitors, hydrolysis inhibitors, food product ingredients, additives to food products, diet supplements, bioactive substances, cosmetic ingredients, pigments, and solvents. The combination of oxidation resistant glyceride oil, wax and structuring fat provides a composition with a semi-transparent, petrolatum-like structure having a high taste and smell stability, good gloss and anti-sticking effect, regulated adhesion and a very fine crystal structure.

Abstract: A boiler liner intended for improvement of combustion, reduction of smoke loss, and procurement of heat flow in existing oil- or gas-fired central heating boilers, through which the supplied heat energy is better utilized, by way of heat resistant material to upwardly confine the flame room as compared with an existing larger boiler chamber. The liner flame limitations are made from a highly insulating material which will cause the assimilated heat to be stored at temperatures almost equalling the flame temperature, resulting in the stored volume of heat being quickly given off by radiation after the flame has been extinguished. Undesirable heat convection in the boiler chamber will fail to manifest, and counterradiation from the highly insulated material will prolong the interval between the sparks.