Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device arranged at a surface of a semiconductor substrate having an initial doping having an electrical connection comprising at least one plug made of a material with a high conductivity, especially a material other than the substrate, especially a metal plug, between said initially doped substrate and said surface of the substrate. The device has at least one ground connection arranged to be connected to a ground pin on a package. The ground connection is arranged to be connected to said ground pin using said electrical connection, where the initially doped substrate is arranged to be connected to said ground pin via a reverse side of the substrate, opposite said surface, and thereby being arranged to establish a connection between said ground connection and said ground pin.

Abstract: An amplifier system (120) for radio frequency signals comprises a combination of a phase and gain adjuster (122) and a first amplifier (123) which receives an input signal and generates a first amplified signal having a gain adjusted in accordance with a gain of the phase and gain adjuster. A main amplifier (126) receives the first amplified signal and generates a second amplified signal. A first controller (134) uses a signal derived from the second amplified signal to generate a first control signal. The first control signal is applied to the phase and gain adjuster to control the gain of the phase and gain adjuster. A second controller (170) is connected to receive the first control signal and to generate a second control signal which is applied to the first amplifier. The second control signal is generated to control the first control signal and thereby control noise of the amplifier system.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the problem of linearization in electronic amplifiers, and more particularly to the problem of controlling phase shift in these systems. The invention measures the outgoing phase difference, directly or indirectly, and then rotates the Cartesian system accordingly to adjust the phase error in the system to within a few degrees. The phase difference can be measured in different places in the system as can the performance of the Cartesian rotation. The rotation is necessary to make the system unconditionally stable independent of the phase difference between the main amplifier path and the reference path. The invention achieves stabilization of the phase in a power amplifier, thereby eliminating the need for time-consuming adjustments and also allows the achievement of higher bandwidths since the phase control is very accurate.

Abstract: An amplifier system (120, 820) for radio frequency signals comprises a phase and gain adjuster (122) which receives an input signal and a control vector (C) for producing a distortion-adjusted input signal. The distortion-adjusted input signal is applied to a main amplifier (126) which generates an amplified output signal. A control loop generates a control vector (P) indicative of distortion of the main amplifier. A modified pre-distortion vector generator (199, 899) generates a modified pre-distortion vector (P′) which is combined with the control vector to produce a composite control vector (Comp). The composite control vector is applied to the phase and gain adjuster, thereby enabling the phase and gain adjuster to produce the distortion-adjusted input signal.

Abstract: An amplifier system (120) for radio frequency signals comprises a combination of a phase and gain adjuster (122) and a first amplifier (123) which receives an input signal and generates a first amplified signal having a gain adjusted in accordance with a gain of the phase and gain adjuster. A main amplifier (126) receives the first amplified signal and generates a second amplified signal. A first controller (134) uses a signal derived from the second amplified signal to generate a first control signal. The first control signal is applied to the phase and gain adjuster to control the gain of the phase and gain adjuster. A second controller (170) is connected to receive the first control signal and to generate a second control signal which is applied to the first amplifier. The second control signal is generated to control the first control signal and thereby control noise of the amplifier system.

Abstract: An amplifier system (120, 820) for radio frequency signals comprises a phase and gain adjuster (122) which receives an input signal and a control vector (C) for producing a distortion-adjusted input signal. The distortion-adjusted input signal is applied to a main amplifier (126) which generates an amplified output signal. A control loop generates a control vector (P) indicative of distortion of the main amplifier. A modified pre-distortion vector generator (199, 899) generates a modified pre-distortion vector (P′) which is combined with the control vector to produce a composite control vector (Comp). The composite control vector is applied to the phase and gain adjuster, thereby enabling the phase and gain adjuster to produce the distortion-adjusted input signal.

Abstract: An input stage for an optical receiver with a photodiode (T), which has its output connected, via a capacitor (C.sub.1), to the input of a transimpedance amplifier (f), includes a unit having a resistance depending on the voltage, which is connected between the output of the photodiode and the earth potential of the amplifier. The photodiode is a PIN diode, and said unit with a voltage dependent resistance includes a feed-back amplifier (Df) with a frequency response adapted to that of the transimpedance amplifier.