Abstract: Dimethyl amine oxides comprising farnesyl residues are described. These amine oxides are advantageously suited as surfactants or wetting agents.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing farnesylamines by reacting ?-farnesene with one or more amines in the presence of a transition metal catalyst from transition group 10 at a temperature in the range from 60 to 150° C.

Abstract: A device for carrying out gas reactions, comprising a plasma reactor with a through-flow of gases which has a, particularly cylindrical, plasma chamber, wherein flow-forming elements for forming a flow of gases are arranged before and/or in and/or after the plasma reactor in order to form a gas stream within the plasma chamber such that at least one, particularly central, zone in the gas flow is formed which is flow-reduced. A method for carrying out gas reactions is also provided.

Abstract: A device for carrying out gas reactions, comprising a plasma reactor with a through-flow of gases which has a, particularly cylindrical, plasma chamber, wherein flow-forming elements for forming a flow of gases are arranged before and/or in and/or after the plasma reactor in order to form a gas stream within the plasma chamber such that at least one, particularly central, zone in the gas flow is formed which is flow-reduced. A method for carrying out gas reactions is also provided.

Abstract: A device for carrying out gas reactions, comprising a plasma reactor with a through-flow of gases which has a, particularly cylindrical, plasma chamber, wherein flow-forming elements for forming a flow of gases are arranged before and/or in and/or after the plasma reactor in order to form a gas stream within the plasma chamber such that at least one, particularly central, zone in the gas flow is formed which is flow-reduced. A method for carrying out gas reactions is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of substances comprising a higher tertiary butyl ether of glycerol, comprising the steps: acid-catalyzed reaction of isobutene with glycerol to form a reaction mixture, and extraction of at least part of the reaction mixture from step a by means of at least one solvent, wherein the solvent or the mixture of solvents comprises an ET(30) value of=35.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for carrying out gas reactions, comprising a plasma reactor with a through-flow of gases which has a, particularly cylindrical, plasma chamber, wherein flow-forming elements for forming a flow of gases are arranged before and/or in and/or after the plasma reactor in order to form a gas stream within the plasma chamber such that at least one, particularly central, zone in the gas flow is formed which is flow-reduced. The invention further relates to a method for carrying out gas reactions.

Abstract: Branched fatty compounds are made by a process which comprises reacting an unsaturated fatty compound and an ?-olefin in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a solvent mixture wherein the solvent mixture is a single liquid phase above 20° C. and is two liquid phases below 20° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of cleaving lactones optionally having functional groups to give carboxylic acids, where the corresponding lactone is reacted with hydrogen with catalysis by a compound of a metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements which has been modified with organophosphines. The process is preferably carried out in a two-phase system using catalysts which have water-soluble phosphine ligands. The reaction is particularly suitable for cleavage 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide to give ethylidene-6-heptenecarboxylic acid or isomers thereof. This carboxylic acid can be hydrogenated in a manner known per se to give 2-ethylheptanoic acid.

Abstract: Branched fatty compounds are made by a process which comprises reacting an unsaturated fatty compound and an a-olefin in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a solvent mixture wherein the solvent mixture is a single liquid phase above 20° C. and is two liquid phases below 20° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of cleaving lactones optionally having functional groups to give carboxylic acids, where the corresponding lactone is reacted with hydrogen with catalysis by a compound of a metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements which has been modified with organophosphines. The process is preferably carried out in a two-phase system using catalysts which have water-soluble phosphine ligands.

Abstract: A method of tackifying an adhesive is provided, the improvement comprising the use of a copolymer consisting of monomer units derived monomers consisting of:(A) 10 to 50% by weight of a terpene with no conjugated double bonds,(B) 20 to 50% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms and anhydrides thereof, and olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms and anhydrides thereof, and(C) 40 to 50% by weight of an ester selected from the group consisting of esters and semiesters of olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms and esters and semiesters of olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the sum total of said monomers is 100% by weight.

Abstract: Process for the highly stereoselective production of trans-3,3 5-trimethylcyclohexyl ethyl ether which comprises contacting 3,3,5-trimethycyclohexenyl ethyl ether with hydrogen in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium catalyst at from about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Saturated, branched C.sub.20-28 fatty acids or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols produced by the process comprising: (a) reacting unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 to 22 carbon atoms and more than one olefinic bond or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols with ethylene at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 5 to about 60 bar in the presence of transition metal compounds selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, or Pt wherein the molar ratio of ethylene to fatty acid or fatty acid ester is from about 1:1 to about 3:1 to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct and, (2) hydrogenating said adduct in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. and under a hydrogen pressure of from 10 to about 30 bar.

Abstract: Process for the production of oligomeric fatty acids and lower alkyl esters thereof in which fatty acids containing 16 to 24 carbon atoms and 2, 3, 4 or 5 double bonds and/or lower alkyl esters thereof are oligomerized with C.sub.1-4 alcohols at an elevated temperature in the presence of a tin halide catalyst, optionally in combination with a halide of titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel, lead, and/or germanium.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated adducts of propylene on polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18 to 22 carbon atoms or on esters of these fatty acids with C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 alkanols in molar ratios of propylene to fatty acids or fatty acid esters in the range from 1:1 to 2:1, obtainable by reacting the fatty acids or fatty acid esters with propylene at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of compounds of the transition metals Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt as catalysts to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct.

Abstract: Saturated, branched C.sub.21-28 fatty acids or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols produced by the process comprising: (a) reacting unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 to 22 carbon atoms and more than one olefinic bond or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols with propylene at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 5 to about 40 bar in the presence of transition metal compounds selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, or Pt wherein the molar ratio of propylene to fatty acid or fatty acid ester is from about 1:1 to about 2:1 to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct and, (2) hydrogenating said adduct in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Mono-unsaturated fatty acids or their derivates are produced by hydrogenating poly-unaturated fatty acids or their derivates at 0.degree. to 150.degree. C., in a pressure range from 800 to 1500 hPa, with hydrogen and in the presence of a catalyst system that contains: a) a palladium salt and b) a carbonic acid ester, as well as, if necessary, c) a base for neutralizing the acids formed during the reduction of the palladium salt, d) water and/or a water-immiscible, inert solvent.

Abstract: Branched fatty substances may be produced by reacting maleic acid anhydride with fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 double bonds, or the esters of such acids, with alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of at least one rhodium and/or platinum catalyst.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated adducts of ethylene on polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18 to 22 carbon atoms or on esters of these fatty acids with C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 alkanols in molar ratios of ethylene to fatty acids or fatty acid esters in the range from 1:1 to 3:1 obtainable by reacting the fatty acids or fatty acid esters with ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of compounds of the transition metals Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt as catalysts to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct.