Abstract: Capacitor comprising: a first porous semiconductor having an average pore size of between 20 nm and 200 nm and preferably between 40 nm and 100 nm, at least one second electric conductor, wherein the second electric conductor infiltrates the porous structure, and the materials involved are selected such that a potential barrier is formed between the first porous semiconductor and the second conductor, without applying an external voltage, as a result of the diffusion of charge carriers, which is preferably more than 0.5 V, more preferably more than 0.7 V, more preferably more than 1 V, and more preferably still more than 1.4 V, wherein a dielectric layer having a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm is preferably arranged between the first porous semiconductor and the second electric conductor.

Abstract: A handheld setting tool for driving a nail or bolt into a substrate, comprising: a drive, preferably a gas spring drive or an electrodynamic drive, which drives an actuator, which actuator is used to drive the nail or bolt into the substrate; characterised by: a decoupling device which at least partially decouples a first movement process of a first moving part or piston in the actuator, driven by the drive, from a second movement process of a second moving part or piston in the actuator so as to drive the nail or bolt into the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly dynamic electromagnetic drive in the manner of a Thomson coil with soft-magnetic frame, comprising a first excitation coil (30) whose winding height is greater than its length, which hence is flat; a soft-magnetic frame (10) in which the first excitation coil (30) is arranged and against which it abuts, and which in in the manner of a pot magnet constitutes an open magnetic circuit which includes an outer region (11), a bottom (12) and an inner region (13), and which is open on its end face, wherein the first excitation coil at least partly encloses the inner part (13) of the frame; a short circuit armature (40) preferably formed hollow cylindrical at least on its side facing the first excitation coil (30), which is movably mounted along an axis and which in its stroke starting position dips into the end-face opening of the frame (10) and thereby at least partly encloses the inner part of the frame (13), wherein the frame (10) entirely or predominantly is formed of a soft-mag

Abstract: The invention relates to a handheld nail setting device comprising highly dynamic electromagnetic drive in the manner of a Thomson coil with soft-magnetic frame, comprising a first excitation coil (30) whose winding height is greater than its length, which hence is flat; a soft-magnetic frame in which the first excitation coil is arranged and against which it abuts, and which in in the manner of a pot magnet constitutes an open magnetic circuit which includes an outer region, a bottom and an inner region, and which is open on its end face, wherein the first excitation coil at least partly encloses the inner part of the frame; a short circuit armature preferably formed hollow cylindrical at least on its side facing the first excitation coil, which is movably mounted along an axis and which in its stroke starting position dips into the end-face opening of the frame and thereby at least partly encloses the inner part of the frame, wherein the frame entirely or predominantly is formed of a soft-magnetic composite

Abstract: Capacitor comprising: a first porous semiconductor having an average pore size of between 20 nm and 200 nm and preferably between 40 nm and 100 nm, at least one second electric conductor, wherein the second electric conductor infiltrates the porous structure, and the materials involved are selected such that a potential barrier is formed between the first porous semiconductor and the second conductor, without applying an external voltage, as a result of the diffusion of charge carriers, which is preferably more than 0.5 V, more preferably more than 0.7 V, more preferably more than 1 V, and more preferably still more than 1.4 V, wherein a dielectric layer having a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm is preferably arranged between the first porous semiconductor and the second electric conductor.

Abstract: A handheld setting tool for driving a nail or bolt into a substrate, comprising: a drive, preferably a gas spring drive or an electrodynamic drive, which drives an actuator, which actuator is used to drive the nail or bolt into the substrate; characterised by: a decoupling device which at least partially decouples a first movement process of a first moving part or piston in the actuator, driven by the drive, from a second movement process of a second moving part or piston in the actuator so as to drive the nail or bolt into the substrate.

Abstract: A bistable hoisting solenoid comprising first and second stroke end position and a stroke center position, comprising: a stator, one or more armatures, at least one coil, at least one permanent magnet and a spring system having a first spring which, in the first stroke end position, exerts a force in the direction of the stroke center position on the one or more armatures, and a second spring which, in the second stroke end position, exerts a force in the direction of the stroke center position on the one or more armatures. The one or more armatures, in the event of a loss of current, are held by permanent magnets in both stroke end positions. The first and the second springs have different paths with different lengths and/or exert in the respective stroke end position different sized forces on the one or more armatures and/or have different sized spring rates.

Abstract: An electromagnetic locking element for locking a joint orthosis or joint prosthesis such as a knee orthosis or knee prosthesis. The electromagnetic locking element includes a bistable solenoid with at least one coil and at least one permanent magnet, a pin, which can be retracted and extended with the aid of the solenoid for locking the joint, one or several electrical energy stores such as capacitors, and an electrical control system, which, with the aid of semiconductor switches, discharges the energy store or stores via the at least one coil of the solenoid in such a way that the pin is extended.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic stopper for stopping and/or separating out cargo carriers and/or cargo conveyed on a continuously operated cargo conveyor system, comprising: a bistable solenoid having at least one coil and at least one permanent magnet; a cam, which can be retracted and extended with the aid of the solenoid, one or more electrical energy stores, in particular capacitors, a controller, which, with the aid of switches, discharges the energy store(s) via the at least one coil of the solenoid such that the cam is extended.

Abstract: A bistable hoisting solenoid comprising first and second stroke end position and a stroke center position, comprising: a stator, one or more armatures, at least one coil, at least one permanent magnet and a spring system having a first spring which, in the first stroke end position, exerts a force in the direction of the stroke center position on the one or more armatures, and a second spring which, in the second stroke end position, exerts a force in the direction of the stroke center position on the one or more armatures. The one or more armatures, in the event of a loss of current, are held by permanent magnets in both stroke end positions counter to the spring force. The first and the second springs have different paths with different lengths and/or exert in the respective stroke end position different sized forces on the one or more armatures and/or have different sized spring rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic stopper for stopping and/or separating out cargo carriers and/or cargo conveyed on a continuously operated cargo conveyor system, comprising: a bistable solenoid having at least one coil and at least one permanent magnet; a cam, which can be retracted and extended with the aid of the solenoid, one or more electrical energy stores, in particular capacitors, a controller, which, with the aid of switches, discharges the energy store(s) via the at least one coil of the solenoid such that the cam is extended.

Abstract: An electromagnetic locking element for locking a joint orthosis or joint prosthesis such as a knee orthosis or knee prosthesis. The electromagnetic locking element includes a bistable solenoid with at least one coil and at least one permanent magnet, a pin, which can be retracted and extended with the aid of the solenoid for locking the joint, one or several electrical energy stores such as capacitors, and an electrical control system, which, with the aid of semiconductor switches, discharges the energy store or stores via the at least one coil of the solenoid in such a way that the pin is extended.

Abstract: A reversing linear solenoid polarized in a permanent magnetic manner having a first and second end stroke position as well as at least one armature, wherein it has a spring system or is operated at such a spring system which exerts a force in the direction of the center stroke position on the armature or armatures in the end stroke position(s). The spring system and the reversing linear solenoid are coordinated with one another such that the armature or armatures are held in a permanent magnetic manner against the spring force in both end stroke positions. The spring system is configured such that the potential energy (elastically) stored by movement of the armature or armatures into its/their end stroke movements is of equal magnitude. If external restoring forces caused by the application are present, they must be taken into account in the design of the spring system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly dynamic electromagnetic drive in the manner of a Thomson coil with soft-magnetic frame, comprising a first excitation coil (30) whose winding height is greater than its length, which hence is flat; a soft-magnetic frame in which the first excitation coil is arranged and against which it abuts, and which in the manner of a pot magnet constitutes an open magnetic circuit which includes an outer region, a bottom and an inner region, and which is open on its end face, wherein the first excitation coil at least partly encloses the inner part of the frame; a short circuit armature preferably formed hollow cylindrical at least on its side facing the first excitation coil, which is movably mounted along an axis and which in its stroke starting position dips into the end-face opening of the frame and thereby at least partly encloses the inner part of the frame, wherein the frame entirely or predominantly is formed of a soft-magnetic composite material or one or more sheet stacks, whic

Abstract: A scalable, highly dynamic electromagnetic linear drive with limited travel. The linear actuator is distinguished by low transverse forces.

Abstract: A reversing linear solenoid polarized in a permanent magnetic manner having a first and second end stroke position as well as at least one armature, wherein it has a spring system or is operated at such a spring system which exerts a force in the direction of the center stroke position on the armature or armatures in the end stroke position(s). The spring system and the reversing linear solenoid are coordinated with one another such that the armature or armatures are held in a permanent magnetic manner against the spring force in both end stroke positions. The spring system is configured such that the potential energy (elastically) stored by movement of the armature or armatures into its/their end stroke movements is of equal magnitude. If external restoring forces caused by the application are present, they must be taken into account in the design of the spring system.

Abstract: A self-holding magnet has a spring (accumulator spring) and a first armature. The self-holding magnet is capable of holding the first magnet armature against the spring force in a lift position which is determined by a stop. The stop determines a remaining air gap of a working air gap. The magnetic circuit of the self-holding magnet has a magnetic shunt with particularly low reluctance of the same order of magnitude as a series reluctance of the remaining working air gap(s). The working air gap(s) and the shunt are magnetically connected in parallel with the flow generated by a permanent magnet but in series with the flow generated by the trigger coil. The self-holding magnet additionally has at least one positive feedback device such as a compressible resilient stop or a shunt.

Abstract: One example of the invention relates to an indexable insert comprising a base that has flanks and at least one face. According to one example of the invention, primarily the face(s) of the indexable insert, but not the flanks thereof, are coated with a very thick layer (e.g. thicker than 50 ?m) of a hard material in a PVD process.

Abstract: A reversing linear solenoid polarized in a permanent magnetic manner having a first and second end stroke position as well as at least one armature, wherein it has a spring system or is operated at such a spring system which exerts a force in the direction of the center stroke position on the armature or armatures in the end stroke position(s). The spring system and the reversing linear solenoid are coordinated with one another such that the armature or armatures are held in a permanent magnetic manner against the spring force in both end stroke positions. The spring system is configured such that the potential energy (elastically) stored by movement of the armature or armatures into its/their end stroke movements is of equal magnitude. If external restoring forces caused by the application are present, they must be taken into account in the design of the spring system.

Abstract: A reversing linear solenoid polarized in a permanent magnetic manner having a first and second end stroke position as well as at least one armature, wherein it has a spring system or is operated at such a spring system which exerts a force in the direction of the center stroke position on the armature or armatures in the end stroke position(s). The spring system and the reversing linear solenoid are coordinated with one another such that the armature or armatures are held in a permanent magnetic manner against the spring force in both end stroke positions. The spring system is configured such that the potential energy (elastically) stored by movement of the armature or armatures into its/their end stroke movements is of equal magnitude. If external restoring forces caused by the application are present, they must be taken into account in the design of the spring system.