Abstract: This invention relates to an electrostatic atomizing device and a process thereof for the formation of electrostatically charged droplets having an average diameter of less than about 1 millimeter for a liquid having a low conductivity wherein the device includes a cell having a chamber disposed therein, a discharge spray means in communication with the cell, the liquid in the chamber being transported to the discharge spray means and atomized into droplets, and a mechanism for passing a charge through the liquid within the chamber, wherein the charge is sufficient to generate free excess charge in the liquid within the chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the free radical polymerization of at least one monomer into a polymeric substance by a charge injection means, wherein the monomer or the solution of monomer and oil is disposed within the chamber of a cell of an electrostatic atomizing device which includes the aforementioned cell and chamber a discharge spray means in communication with the cell, the formed polymer being transported to the discharge spray means and atomized into droplets, and a mechanism for passing a charge through the monomer or solution of monomer within the chamber, wherein the charge is sufficient to induce free radical polymerization of the monomer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrostatic atomizing device and a process thereof for the formation of electrostatically charged droplets having an average diameter of less than about 1 millimeter for a liquid having a low conductivity wherein the device includes a cell having a chamber disposed therein, a discharge spray means in communication with the cell, the liquid in the chamber being transported to the discharge spray means and atomized into droplets, and a mechanism for passing a charge through the liquid within the chamber, wherein the charge is sufficient to generate free excess charge in the liquid within the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fluid jet printing features a triode structured charge injection system. The ink jet system is not dependent upon the conductivity of the ink fluid to form and target the ink fluid. Two electrodes are in contact with the ink liquid and they are submerged in the fluid. One electrode is an emitter and serves to field emit charge into the liquid in response to a voltage between it and the other electrode. Depending upon the electrical mobility of the ink fluid, the injected charge will be trapped in the liquid. The liquid is then forced from an orifice and can be made to undergo break-up into droplets similar to inductively charged inks. The paper or target upon which the droplets impinge functions as a third electrode, returning the charge and completing the circuit. The ink may also be propelled as a charged column, which column can be directed by an extraneous electrical field for targeting upon the printing paper.

Abstract: A particle mass sensing element comprises a piezoelectric crystal, a portion of whose surface is coated with a mat-like mass of substantially rigid whiskers for entrapping or otherwise retaining particles while the crystal is caused to vibrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrostatic atomizing device and a process thereof for the formation of electrostatically charged droplets having an average diameter of less than about 1 millimeter for a liquid having a low conductivity wherein the device includes a cell having a chamber disposed therein, a discharge spray mechanism in communication with the cell, the liquid in the chamber being transported to the discharge spray mechanism and atomized into droplets, and a mechanism for passing a charge through the liquid within the chamber, wherein the charge is sufficient to generate free excess charge in the liquid within the chamber.