Abstract: Presented herein is a communication protocol defining a process of communication (data exchange) between devices. This process consists of organizing a sequence of content fields separated by a separator marker in a meaningful way with the purpose of defining an inter-machine language. The use of a single data type in the protocol along with message uniformity results in the simplest conceptual way of transmitting machine states while meeting all objectives [multiple routing options, etc.]. This means a single computational method of minimal complexity can process all messages. The order of the (meaning of the) leading fields is always the same regardless of the type of message. This further facilitates simple processing: read/write or broadcast messages are all processed the same way. The method favors simplicity and robustness making it ideal for devices with limited state vectors such as sensors and actuators. The use of text or alphanumeric fields like Base64 may be used in lieu of integers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vehicle with redundant systems to increase the overall safety of the vehicle. In other aspects, the present invention provides a method for learning control of non-linear motion systems through combined learning of state value and action-value functions.