Abstract: The present invention is related to process and an apparatus for irradiating products by means of high energy X-ray beam source (1) in an installation having an irradiation chamber (2), said process comprising the following steps, controlled by controlling means: determining the density of the products to be irradiated, in order to irradiate said products as a stack predetermining, on the basis of said density, the optimal size of the product stack able to optimize the throughput of the installation and/or the dose uniformity ratio (DUR), in the irradiation chamber (2), loading products as a stack onto rotation means (3) located in front of the X-ray beam source (1), while rotating the rotation means around a rotation axis (10), irradiating said products from a lateral side of said product stack.

Abstract: The present invention is related to process and an apparatus for irradiating products by means of high energy X-ray beam source (1) in an installation having an irradiation chamber (2), said process comprising the following steps, controlled by controlling means:

Abstract: A method the electron-beam irradiation of gemstones for uniform color enhancement requiring an electron-beam source having a capacity of 500 kW generating energy of between 3 MeV to 50 MeV. The method requires the gemstones to be moved in and out of the electron-beam path with the electron-beam source also being oscillated but in a direction ninety degrees opposed to the gemstones. Cooling means for the gemstones are also required to prevent heat stress cracking. Gemstones such as beryl, diamonds, quartz, sapphires, tourmaline, dark pearls and other minerals are suitable. More particularly the method relates to the treatment of topaz.

Abstract: There is described a new and improved method of treating raw animal hides and skins prior to tanning, wherein the hides and skins are initially washed, trimmed, fleshed and demanured, including the steps of dipping the hides and skins in a dilute antiseptic solution for a predetermined amount of time, removing excess moisture from the hides and skins following dipping, and irradiating the hides and skins with substantially monodirectional electron beams to expose each hide and skin to a dose adjustable within the range of 0.75 to 4.0 Mrads at a dose rate adjustable within the range of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.7 rads/sec.