Abstract: Electronic systems are described including semiconductor circuitry characterized by first signals and all-metal circuitry characterized by second signals and comprising a plurality of transpinnors. Each transpinnor includes a network of thin-film elements. At least one thin-film element in each transpinnor exhibits giant magnetoresistance. Each transpinnor includes a conductor inductively coupled to the at least one thin-film element for controlling operation of the transpinnor. Interface circuitry connects the semiconductor circuitry to the all-metal circuitry and converts between the first signals and the second signals.

Abstract: Electronic systems are described including semiconductor circuitry characterized by first signals and all-metal circuitry characterized by second signals and comprising a plurality of transpinnors. Each transpinnor includes a network of thin-film elements. At least one thin-film element in each transpinnor exhibits giant magnetoresistance. Each transpinnor includes a conductor inductively coupled to the at least one thin-film element for controlling operation of the transpinnor. Interface circuitry connects the semiconductor circuitry to the all-metal circuitry and converts between the first signals and the second signals.

Abstract: An ion source for generating ions of a gas or vapor, especially for thinning solid state samples, includes a housing, an arrangement for introducing the gas or vapor into the housing and an anode positioned within the housing. The anode has a rotationally symmetrical cavity which is open at both sides along the axis of the source. First and second electrooptical mirrors are disposed along the source axis and define therebetween a space in which the anode is positioned The mirrors produce an electrostatic field to cause electrons to oscillate between them. At least one of the mirrors is apertured for exit therethrough of a fraction of ions generated in the space. An electron generating arrangement is disposed at one side of the cavity externally of the space between the mirrors and further, an arrangement causes the electrons to move into the cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stabilized high voltage source the output voltage of which may be regulated in wide range, whereby the adjusted output current is constant at variable load. The high voltage supply source comprises a high voltage rectifier fed by a push-pull driving circuit, a control circuit supplying push-pull width modulated control signals of the driving circuit and an error signal processing circuit working up the divided voltage and current signals taken from the output of the high voltage source. The output signal of the error signal processing circuit is applied to the control circuit as a control signal. The supply voltage of auxiliary circuits of the supply source is provided by a stabilized low voltage supply unit.