Abstract: An improved geometry sensor for an inline inspection tool used for determining defects in a pipe or other conduit. The sensor having an arm pivotally mounted to a base on a body of an inline inspection tool and a spring biasing the arm away from the body of the inline inspection tool. A magnet mounted to the arm, the magnet having a magnetic field. A Hall effect sensor fixed relative to the body of the of the inline inspection. The outer end of the arm moves along an interior surface of a conduit as the tool passes through a pipe with the arm and magnet pivoting relative to the body and the Hall effect sensor detecting movement and deflection of the arm by measuring changes in the magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biofuel, particularly an advanced solid biofuel, comprising waste coffee grounds.

Abstract: Adaptive modulation and priority-based flow control in wireless communications are disclosed. Ingress communication traffic is modulated for transmission over a wireless communication link. A modulation rate of modulation to be applied to the ingress communication traffic is controlled by adaptive modulation. A rate at which the ingress communication traffic is received is controlled through Priority-based Flow Control (PFC), but the PFC is based on the adaptive modulation. Adaptive modulation and PFC are thus linked together. PFC messaging could be sent when a change in modulation rate due to the adaptive modulation would not meet the rate at which the ingress communication traffic is received. If a change in modulation rate due to the adaptive modulation would still meet the rate at which the ingress communication traffic is received, then PFC messaging might not be sent.

Abstract: Bridging for Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Automatic Protection Switching is disclosed. First and second apparatus in a redundant pair handle communication traffic that includes content for transmission on respective first and second SONET/SDH connections. Content received by each apparatus for transmission on a SONET/SDH connection is transmitted on the first and second SONET/SDH connections. Such content is also transmitted by each apparatus to the other apparatus in the redundant pair unless that content was received from the other apparatus. The content is thereby transmitted on both the first and second SONET/SDH connections even though the content is received directly by only one apparatus of the redundant pair. This avoids duplication of communication traffic that carries the content. Where the traffic is Ethernet traffic, the traffic may be bridged between the first apparatus and the second apparatus at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

Abstract: A bridge sensor emulator includes a first emulation circuit programmable to emulate an output signal of the bridge circuit under 11 conditions each including a different combination of applied stimulus and temperature. A second emulation circuit is programmable to emulate the temperature-sensing device for 3 temperatures. An excitation signal is applied to the first emulation circuit. One rotary switch is coupled to the first emulation circuit to select from it and emulate a bridge output signal. An emulated common mode sensor output voltage is also generated. Another rotary switch is coupled to the second emulation circuit to select from it and emulate one of three temperature output signals. In another embodiment, a microcontroller, nonvolatile memory, and three digital to analog converters are utilized to emulate the bridge sensor for the 11 conditions.

Abstract: A bridge sensor emulator includes a first emulation circuit programmable to emulate an output signal of the bridge circuit under 11 conditions each including a different combination of applied stimulus and temperature. A second emulation circuit is programmable to emulate the temperature-sensing device for 3 temperatures. An excitation signal is applied to the first emulation circuit. One rotary switch is coupled to the first emulation circuit to select from it and emulate a bridge output signal. An emulated common mode sensor output voltage is also generated. Another rotary switch is coupled to the second emulation circuit to select from it and emulate one of three temperature output signals. In another embodiment, a microcontroller, nonvolatile memory, and three digital to analog converters are utilized to emulate the bridge sensor for the 11 conditions.