Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for detecting methane and other gases in the atmosphere. The ability to remotely deploy and autonomously detect, quantify, and report emission rates of methane and other gases to the atmosphere is an important step in the evolution of emissions calculation and reduction. This will assist energy producers, regulators, researchers, and other interested parties to better understand the emission profiles of various locations.

Abstract: A system and method for a remotely deployable, off-grid system to autonomously detect, quantify, and automatically wort emissions of methane (CH4) and other gases to the atmosphere, Automated CH4 emissions detection is accomplished by the use of commercially available CH4 sensors. CH4 accuracy is maximized by simultaneously measuring, and accounting for, undesired CH4 sensor response from interfering gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and water vapor (H2O), and undesired CH4 sensor response from ambient temperature (T) changes. Automated CH4 emissions quantification is accomplished by calculating a leak rate (mass or volume per unit time) from the measured concentration enhancements using simultaneous measurements of wind speed and direction. Automated CH emissions reporting is accomplished following transmission of measured CH4concentrations via cellular wireless, radio, or satellite link to a central cloud-based server.

Abstract: A standard for the creation, storage, transmission, processing, and usage of data records that document the current, proposed, and indicated location, speed, heading, and environmental conditions regarding a vehicle, whether the vehicle is on land, on water, submerged in water, or above ground. These records can be used by the vehicle, other vehicles, as well as public and private services, to aid in traffic control, avoidance of obstacles, hazards, and challenging weather, collision avoidance, event reconstruction, manual and automated navigational decisions, and to support the fully or partially autonomous operation of vehicles.

Abstract: A fueling data collection unit associated with a fuel transfer apparatus and for use with a system for managing fueling transactions of a fleet operator using fuel transfer apparatuses at one or more locations includes a fueling data interface module and a temperature compensation module. The temperature compensation module compensates for a volume variance of the fuel as a result of temperature variance from the standard temperature data to determine a volume correction factor at the measured fuel temperature, while the temperature compensation module uses the measured fuel temperature to determine a compensated, more accurate volume and/or mass of fuel dispensed through the fuel meter. In this way, the fuel data collection unit can accurately measure the volume and/or mass of fuel being delivered. This allows the provider and the recipient to more accurately sell/buy what was actually delivered and can avoid over-filling a fueling order.

Abstract: Spinal surgical systems include a compressor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The compressor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to compress the first and second vertebrae. The systems further include a distractor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The distractor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to distract the first and second vertebrae.

Abstract: A fueling data collection unit associated with a fuel transfer apparatus and for use with a system for managing fueling transactions of a fleet operator using fuel transfer apparatuses at one or more locations includes a fueling data interface module and a temperature compensation module. The temperature compensation module compensates for a volume variance of the fuel as a result of temperature variance from the standard temperature data to determine a volume correction factor at the measured fuel temperature, while the temperature compensation module uses the measured fuel temperature to determine a compensated, more accurate volume and/or mass of fuel dispensed through the fuel meter. In this way, the fuel data collection unit can accurately measure the volume and/or mass of fuel being delivered. This allows the provider and the recipient to more accurately sell/buy what was actually delivered and can avoid over-filling a fueling order.

Abstract: Spinal surgical systems include a compressor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The compressor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to compress the first and second vertebrae. The systems further include a distractor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The distractor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to distract the first and second vertebrae.

Abstract: Spinal surgical systems include a compressor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The compressor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to compress the first and second vertebrae. The systems further include a distractor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The distractor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to distract the first and second vertebrae.

Abstract: Spinal surgical systems include a compressor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The compressor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to compress the first and second vertebrae. The systems further include a distractor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The distractor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to distract the first and second vertebrae.

Abstract: Spinal surgical systems include a compressor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The compressor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to compress the first and second vertebrae. The systems further include a distractor mountable to a first vertebra and positionable relative to a fulcrum mountable to a second vertebra. The distractor and fulcrum are manipulated relative to one another to distract the first and second vertebrae.

Abstract: A hydraulic cushioning unit includes a high pressure cylinder having a piston therein and a piston rod extended through the rod end of the cylinder. The cylinder is contained within an outer housing. A head casting closes the head ends of the cylinder and housing and an end cap closes the rod ends thereof. The end cap includes a ball stop sleeve protruding interiorly of the cylinder for cooperating with a ball valve port through the cylinder adjacent the rod end thereof to accomplish returned valving of fluid into the high pressure cylinder behind the piston. The same ball stop sleeve supports a resilient bumper for limiting the extent of movement of the cylinder in response to draft forces.

Abstract: A railway car hydraulic cushioning unit prevents the mixing of gas and hydraulic fluid in chambers interiorly and exteriorly of a high pressure cylinder unit by strategic placing of metering ports through the cylinder wall at positions below the level of gas in the exterior chamber. The invention is furthermore directed to a method for converting hydraulic cushioning units adapted for connection to an external spring operated restoring mechanism to a self-contained gas return unit.