Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, Ib, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: A complex comprises at least an ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a compound that provides an opposite charge to a charge on the ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist, wherein the complex is charge neutral as a whole and has a solubility in a range from about 0.3 ?g/ml to about 2.5 mg/ml in water at pH of about 7 and temperature of about 25° C. The complex is included in a composition, device, or implant for use in the neuroprotection of components of a neurological tissue to prevent progressive degeneration of such components. In particular, such a composition, device, or implant can be used to provide neuroprotection to cells and components of the optic nerve system or to inhibit progression of damage to the optic nerve system resulting from glaucoma.

Abstract: A process for producing one selected stereoisomer of a substituted alcohol comprises reacting a stereoisomeric epoxide with an amine, a carboxylic acid, an amide, a sulfonyl, or a cyanide. The process avoids the production of a racemic mixture of stereoisomers of the prior art. Such a stereoisomeric substituted alcohol can be used for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, Ib, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of manufacturing an isoflavone of the general formula 7 wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each independently are H, OH, or an alkoxy, provided at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 being OH, and one being alkoxy, or at least 2 groups being OH, comprising providing ketone (3) wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as stated above, combining (3) with trialkylortho formate, and a Lewis or Bronsted acid to produce the isoflavone, precipitating the isoflavone.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that, by way of their selective neurotransmitter binding useful for the treatment of various neurological and psychological disorders, e.g., ADHD. Such compounds are 4-phenyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines having the Formula IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIC as set forth herein.

Abstract: A complex comprises at least an ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a compound that provides an opposite charge to a charge on the ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist, wherein the complex is charge neutral as a whole and has a solubility in a range from about 0.3 ?g/ml to about 2.5 mg/ml in water at pH of about 7 and temperature of about 25° C. The complex is included in a composition, device, or implant for use in the neuroprotection of components of a neurological tissue to prevent progressive degeneration of such components. In particular, such a composition, device, or implant can be used to provide neuroprotection to cells and components of the optic nerve system.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that, by way of their selective neurotransmitter binding useful for the treatment of various neurological and psychological disorders, e.g., ADHD. Such compounds are 4-phenyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines having the Formula IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIC as set forth herein.

Abstract: A process of preparing a quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives having Formula I, Ia, or IV, as shown herein, comprises using a starting quinolone that already has one or more desired substituents at one or more particular positions on the quinolone ring and preserving the orientation of such substituents throughout the synthesis. The present process comprises fewer steps than prior-art processes. The present process also can include a simple separation of a desired enantiomer of the quinolone carboxylic acid or its derivatives from the enantiomeric mixture. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising fluoroquinolones prepared by the present process can be used effectively against a variety of microbial pathogens.

Abstract: A process for producing one selected stereoisomer of a substituted alcohol comprises reacting a stereoisomeric amine with a halogen-substituted heterocyclic compound, or a stereoisomeric ketone or aldehyde with an amino-substituted heterocyclic compound. The process avoids the production of a racemic mixture of stereoisomers of the prior art. Such a stereoisomeric substituted alcohol can be used for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Abstract: A process for producing one selected stereoisomer of a substituted alcohol comprises reacting a stereoisomeric epoxide with an amine, a carboxylic acid, an amide, a sulfonyl, or a cyanide. The process avoids the production of a racemic mixture of stereoisomers of the prior art. Such a stereoisomeric substituted alcohol can be used for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that, by way of their selective neurotransmitter binding useful for the treatment of various neurological and psychological disorders, e.g., ADHD. Such compounds are 4-phenyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines having the Formula IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIC as set forth herein.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that, by way of their selective neurotransmitter binding useful for the treatment of various neurological and psychological disorders, e.g., ADHD. Such compounds are 4-phenyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines having the Formula IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIC as set forth herein.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the optical resolution of a racemic mixture, or an optically enriched mixture, of trans-7-(hydroxymethyl)octa-hydro-2H-pyrido-1,2a)pyrazine, a key intermediate for preparing pharmacologically active 2,7-substituted octahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives useful in the treatment of disorders of the dopamine system. The process of the invention involves use of D-(−) or L-(+)naproxen as a resolving agent.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that, by way of their selective neurotransmitter binding useful for the treatment of various neurological and psychological disorders, e.g., ADHD. Such compounds are 4-phenyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines having the Formula IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIC as set forth herein.