Abstract: A soft heating element utilizing individually insulated electrically conductive carbon or metal containing threads/fibers or metal wires that are woven together with nonconductive threads, into sheets, sleeves or strips. The individually insulated conductive threads/fibers or metal wires can be laminated between layers of nonconductive insulation. Nonconductive polymer insulation can be extruded around the non-insulated electrically conductive threads/fibers or metal wires to form strips, sheets or sleeves/pipes. The heating element core is shaped in a desired pattern and connected in parallel or in series to the energizing bus conductors. The thermostats are located in areas of folds in order to control their cycling. When dictated by the heating element design, the electrically conductive threads/fibers have a polymer base, which acts as a Thermal-Cut-Off (TCO) material at predetermined temperatures.

Abstract: A soft heater, containing metal, carbon or conductive ink coated textile threads, embroidered on, laminated between or woven into a nonconductive substrate to form electrical heating circuits. The heating element may be manufactured in a form of strip, sheet, sleeve or strand of electrically conductive threads for incorporation into plurality of articles. The heating element is shaped or embroidered in a desired pattern. The embroidered heater may be used for a night vision identification purposes.

Abstract: A soft heater utilizing metal, carbon or conductive ink coated threads, embroidered on, laminated between or woven into a nonconductive substrate to form electrical heating circuits. The heating element may be manufactured in a form of strip, sheet, sleeve or strand of threads for incorporation into plurality of articles. The soft heating element core may contain localized treatment such as positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material for temperature self-limiting control. The electrode conductors are attached to said heating element core which is connected in parallel or in series. The heating element core is shaped in a desired pattern. The whole assembly is sealed by at least one electrically insulated layer which envelopes the strips, sheets, sleeves, ropes or strands of threads.

Abstract: A soft heater utilizing metal fiber containing, carbon, metal or conductive ink coated threads, embroidered on, laminated between or woven into a nonconductive substrate to form electrical heating circuits. The heating element may be manufactured in a form of strip, sheet, sleeve or strand of threads for incorporation into plurality of articles. The soft heating element core may contain localized treatment such as positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material for temperature self-limiting control. The electrode conductors are attached to said heating element core which is connected in parallel or in series. The heating element core is shaped in a desired pattern. The whole assembly is sealed by at least one electrically insulated layer which envelopes the strips, sheets, sleeves, ropes or strands of threads.

Abstract: A soft and flexible thin heating element made of electrically conductive carbon carrying fabric coated with a soft stabilizing material. The heating element is shaped by curing the soft stabilizing material and cutting the coated fabric into a desired pattern. The electrical contacts are attached to the ends of the heating element core, which are electrically connected in parallel or in series. The fabric heating element core is sealed to form a multi-layer assembly comprising of at least two electrically insulating layers which envelop each strip of the heating element core. A method of producing the soft and flexible heating element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A soft and flexible thin heating element is made of strong, light and non-metallic yarns. The heating element comprises electrically conductive carbon/graphite containing fibers, woven or stranded into the strips, ropes, sleeves or strands of threads. The selected areas of the heating element core are modified to impart additional electrical properties. An optional positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material is incorporated into said selected areas. The electrode conductors are attached to said heating element core which is electrically connected in parallel or in series. The heating element core is shaped in a desired pattern. The whole assembly is sealed by at least one electrically insulating layer which envelops the strips, ropes, sleeves, or strands of threads.