Abstract: A charging device including a coronode having a wire composite including a core having a dielectric material and a coating layer of conduct material thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a moving surface having toner particles thereon, including: a housing defining an open ended chamber; means, disposed in the chamber of the housing with a portion thereof extending outwardly from the open end of the chamber of the housing into contact with the surface, for cleaning toner particles therefrom, the removed particles moving away from the cleaning means; means for lubricating the cleaning means, the lubricating means located downstream from the cleaning means, in a direction of motion of the surface, the lubricating means collecting and transporting toner particles from a center portion of the moving surface to both end portion of the moving surface; and an auger, located downstream from the cleaning means and the lubricating means, in the direction of motion of the surface, collecting the toner particles that escape from the lubricating means.