Abstract: Disposable biomedical pads include a conductive outer layer with an adhesive conductive protected layer on a major portion of the outer layer, with a double-sided release layer over the protected layer. Two pads are folded against each other, with the edges sealed to protect the gel layer from the environment. In use, the release layer is discarded, the gel layer placed against the skin, and in the case of defibrillation pads, the paddles are applied directly to the outer conductive layer. The outer layer serves as the packaging layer as well as the dispersive electrode.

Abstract: A perforated biomedical electrode having a detachable portion which allows a clinician to remove a portion of the electrode to thereby reduce the effective contact size of the electrode, e.g., the effective surface area for adhering the electrode to the patient's skin and/or the effective surface area for establishing electrical contact or ground with the patient's skin depending on the particular application, e.g., for use on an adult or a child. The biomedical electrode includes a pad comprising a first portion and a predefined line of separation along which a second portion of the pad is detachable from the pad so that the pad initially comprises a first surface area for contacting a patient's skin and upon detaching the second portion from the pad, the pad comprises a second surface area for contacting the patient's skin. An electrode attaches to the first portion of the pad.

Abstract: A heterogeneous, pressure-sensitive, electrically conductive adhesive for disposable biomedical electrodes. The adhesive consists of two phases: a viscoelastic polymeric adhesive phase and an electrically conductive aqueous phase containing a water receptive polymer, a humectant, and an electrolyte. Both phases are intimately interdispersed and the adhesive is applied as a relatively thin film on a supporting substrate. The adhesive is characterized in that it establishes a physical equilibrium with the ambient system so that varying concentrations of moisture in the atmosphere are accommodated and tolerated by the adhesive without loss of viscoelastic and adhesion capabilities and without impairment of electrical conductivity values even under conditions of both high and of low relative humidity.

Abstract: A disposable biomedical and diagnostic electrode characterized in that functional electrical contact is effected between the skin and an electrically conductive element of the electrode by means of a conductive adhesive, and in that conductive skin contact is enhanced, when necessary, by selective application of a conductive gel contained in and releasable from a storage cavity in the electrode itself. The pressure-released gel establishes a fluid film interface between the patient's skin and the conductive adhesive and, concurrently, provides a highly conductive path between the electrode itself, and the patient's skin.

Abstract: A membrane for electrochemical analysis is described comprising a first, relatively dense and thin layer and a second, relatively porous thick layer, which thick layer has dispersed therethrough the enzyme, glucose oxidase. The process of making the membrane by casting two to three layers of cellulose acetate compositions is also described.