Abstract: A method for dosing and particularly for mixing substances, particularly for mixing at least one granular or powdery solid matter with a liquid. A first substance, particularly the granular or powdery solid matter is liquidized by means of a gas fed continuously or pulsatingly, and after that this homogenized gas/matter mixture is brought together in a time stable, dosed manner and mixed with a second substance, particularly a liquid. For dosing the homogenized gas/matter mixture, there is additionally supplied to it gas prior to the mixing with the second substance, with this gas being supplied to the gas/matter stream in a sheathing way and parallel to its direction of flow.

Abstract: In a procedure for continuously crystallizing and polymerizing polyester and polyamide materials, amorphous material is first precrystallized, preferably in a fluidized bed (1,2), then heated up to the reaction temperature in a preheating zone (4) and finally polymerized and largely liberated from byproducts in a reactor (3). In this procedure, material from the discharge area of the preheating zone (4), of the reactor (3) or of a cooler (8) is subjected to an optical analysis in an analyzing unit whereby the degree of polymerization of the material and/or the contents of byproducts can be determined. The result of the analysis as actual value is compared in an comparator unit with a predetermined nominal value obtained in at least one calibration procedure for forming at least one controlled value serving to form at least one control signal that can be supplied to at least one final control element.

Abstract: A method for metering solid present in the gas/solid stream of a fluidized-bed apparatus, in which gas and solid are present as a prehomogenized, free-flowing mixture in a fluidized bed and in which at least one outlet orifice for removal of the gas/solid stream is provided in an outflow pipe. The method provides for feeding a particulate phase and a gas phase, homogenizing the two phases in a fluidized bed, discharging the two-phase flow via a discharge pipe and injecting gas into the discharge pipe.

Abstract: A dosing apparatus provides for dosing a particulate phase within a free flowing two phase flow of a gas phase and the particulate phase, wherein the two phase flow leaves a fluidized bed. The apparatus includes, at its bottom, a gas inlet mechanism to supply the gas via an orifice, and an outlet orifice with a discharge pipe. Control of the gas flow to maintain a predetermined level of the bed is attained by weighing the contents of the bed or by use of sensors within a treatment space of the apparatus. Widening mechanism may be located subsequent to the outlet orifice for widening the stream of particulate phase for exposing an enlarged surface area of particles for treatment.

Abstract: Apparatus meters solid present in the gas/solid stream from a fluidized-bed apparatus, in which gas and solid are present as a prehomogenized, free-flowing mixture in a fluidized bed and in which at least one outlet orifice for removal of the gas/solid stream is provided in an outflow pipe. The metering apparatus has a discharge pipe with a gas injection nozzle for establishing a time-constant, emerging mass flow and for establishing the homogeneity of the emerging gas/solid stream. The pipe and nozzle are coordinated with an outlet orifice of the bed apparatus, and/or at least one device for influencing the prehomogenization.

Abstract: In order to enhance the operating safety of the ozonizer (1), there is provided between the ozonizer (1) and the mixer (2) a valve (3) operating without any outer energy and in a single flow direction. The mixture is clamped directly to the ozonizer to minimize the self-dissociation of the ozone formed in the ozonizer (1) during the transport to the mixture (2). The disclosed method may be used to sterilize water or gas elements for example evacuation air. It may also be used for the oxidation of chemical elements.