Abstract: A method for investigating a target environment to determine whether or in what amount a chemical species may be present therein, which comprises: (a) exposing to said environment an article of manufacture comprising a multiplicity of particles in close-packed orientation, said particles having a core of conductive metal or conductive metal alloy and deposited thereon a ligand which is capable of interacting with said species such that a property of said multiplicity of particles is altered; (b) subjecting said multiplicity of particles to conditions sufficient for said property to be exhibited; and (c) monitoring said property to determine whether there is, or the amount of, any change as an indication of whether, or in what amount, said species is present; a multiplicity of particles suitable for use in such method; and equipment suitable for implementing the method.

Abstract: A coating having an adhesive hydrophilic polymer and an amphiphilic additive. The amphiphilic additive has a hydrophilic chain, a biocidal functional group bonded to the hydrophilic chain, and a hydrophobic moiety bonded to the hydrophilic chain or to the biocidal functional group. A method of forming a biocidal surface by providing an article, and coating the article with the above coating. A compound having the formula: Y—(O—CH2—CH2)n—R—(CH2)m—CH3. Y is CH3 or H. R is X is a halogen, and m and n are independently selected positive integers.

Abstract: High concentrations of dye may be prepared in combination with thermoplastic polymers and used in optical polymers as monomeric and dimeric molecular solutions. The method of preparing high concentration levels allows the control over the aggregation of dye molecules that is required to maintain effective nonlinear operation. The present invention is applicable to many systems and is essential to the successful production of working optical limiting devices and other optically transparent polymeric devices, as well as other photonic applications, such as nonlinear optics.

Abstract: A compound having the formula CF3—CH(OH)—CH2—(L)n—CH2—SH or a disulfide thereof. Each L is substituted or unsubstituted methylene, substituted or unsubstituted oxyalkylene, and alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted siloxanylene. The compound is free of carboxysilane linkages. The value of n is a positive integer. A metal surface having the group CF3—CH(OH)—CH2—(L)n—CH2—S— bound thereto. A method of making CF3—CH(OH)—CH2—(L)n—CH2—SH by: reacting OHC—CH2—(L)n—CH2—X with (trifluoromethyl)trialkylsilane to form CF3—CH(OH)—CH2—(L)n—CH2—X; reacting the intermediate with a thiocarbonyl compound to form an adduct; and hydrolyzing the adduct followed by protonation. X is a halogen.

Abstract: A method of thioacetate deprotection by providing a compound of the formula R1—S—CO—R2, and reacting the compound with a quaternary ammonium cyanide salt in the presence of a protic solvent in an inert atmosphere to convert the compound to a product of the formula R1—SH. R1 is an organic group in which the bonding to sulfur is through a saturated carbon, and R2 is an aliphatic group.

Abstract: The present invention is phthalocyanine compounds with peripheral siloxane substitution, as well as methods for making these compounds and various uses thereof, having the basic structure: wherein —W—X—Y-Z are peripheral groups comprising individual W, X, Y, and Z subgroups; W is a linkage represented by the formula: -D-(R1)0,1—, where D=S or O; X is: —(CH2)n—, n=2 to 8; Y is a siloxane chain; Z is an aryl or alkyl terminal cap; M is two protons or a metal ion; and forms a transparent film of high optical quality with large nonlinear absorption and thermal refraction, free of scattering from solid or liquid crystalline domains making them highly suitable for use as the active component in thin films, protective eye wear, and optical data storage applications.

Abstract: A method for preparing S-alkyl and S-aryl thiocarbamates comprising reacting a precursor thiol reagent with trichloroacetyl chloride to produce an S-alkyl and S-aryl trichloroacetyl thioester intermediate, which is reacted with an amine to yield the corresponding thiocarbamate product. Also disclosed is the method for preparing S-alkyl and S-aryl thiocarbamates comprising reacting an amine with trichloroacetyl chloride to produce a trichloroacetamide intermediate, which is then reacted with the precursor thiol to yield the corresponding thiocarbamate product.

Abstract: A thiol terminated ethylene oxide oligomer and the method of substituting the oligomer onto a gold nanocluster surface using a thiol-exchange reaction to form a charge-neutral, non-ionizable, water soluble, ethylene oxide protected gold nanocluster. The thiol terminated ethylene oxide oligomer has the formula CH3(OCH2CH2)xSH where x varies from one to ten. Also disclosed is the related method of making the thiol terminated ethylene oxide oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention is phthalocyanine compounds with peripheral siloxane substitution, as well as methods for making these compounds and various uses thereof, having the basic structure: 1

Abstract: The present invention is phthalocyanine compounds with peripheral siloxane substitution, as well as methods for making these compounds and various uses thereof, having the basic structure: wherein —W—X—Y—Z are peripheral groups comprising individual W, X, Y, and Z subgroups; W is a linkage represented by the formula: —D—(R1)0,1—, where D=S or O; X is: —(CH2)n—, n=2 to 8; Y is a siloxane chain; Z is an aryl or alkyl terminal cap; M is two protons or a metal ion; and forms a transparent film of high optical quality with large nonlinear absorption and thermal refraction, free of scattering from solid or liquid crystalline domains making them highly suitable for use as the active component in thin films, protective eye wear, and optical data storage applications.

Abstract: A method for investigating a target environment to determine whether or in what amount a chemical species may be present therein, which comprises: (a) exposing to said environment an article of manufacture comprising a multiplicity of particles in close-packed orientation, said particles having a core of conductive metal or conductive metal alloy and deposited thereon a ligand which is capable of interacting with said species such that a property of said multiplicity of particles is altered; (b) subjecting said multiplicity of particles to conditions sufficient for said property to be exhibited; and (c) monitoring said property to determine whether there is, or the amount of, any change as an indication of whether, or in what amount, said species is present; a multiplicity of particles suitable for use in such method; and equipment suitable for implementing the method.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyanate resin monomer having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n is an even integer from 6 to 10, inclusive.Another aspect of the invention is an essentially pure cyanate resin mono having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n=3, 4, 6, 8, or 10. Another aspect of the invention is a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to a conversion below the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a method for depositing an interlevel dielectric resin on an integrated circuit, having the steps: (a) coating the integrated circuit with a thin film of a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to below the gel point, and (b) curing the prepolymer to at least the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a low dielectric thermoset polymer resin made from these monomers.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyanate resin monomer having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n is an even integer from 6 to 10, inclusive.Another aspect of the invention is an essentially pure cyanate resin mono having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n=3, 4, 6, 8, or 10. Another aspect of the invention is a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to a conversion below the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a method for depositing an interlevel dielectric resin on an integrated circuit, having the steps: (a) coating the integrated circuit with a thin film of a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to below the gel point, and (b) curing the prepolymer to at least the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a low dielectric thermoset polymer resin made from these monomers.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyanate resin monomer having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n is an even integer from 6 to 10, inclusive.Another aspect of the invention is an essentially pure cyanate resin mono having the formula:NCO--CH.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --OCNwhere n=3, 4, 6, 8, or 10. Another aspect of the invention is a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to a conversion below the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a method for depositing an interlevel dielectric resin on an integrated circuit, having the steps: (a) coating the integrated circuit with a thin film of a prepolymer made by the process of heating a monomer of the invention to below the gel point, and (b) curing the prepolymer to at least the gel point. Another aspect of the invention is a low dielectric thermoset polymer resin made from these monomers.

Abstract: An optical limiter structure which includes a limiter material preferably dissolved in a host. The limiter material is selected from substituted and unsubstituted phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, porphyrins, salts of these materials and mixtures thereof, whereas the host is selected from any material which can dissolve the limiter material to at least the extent of 0.1% by weight.

Abstract: A metallization is coated with a network polymer. The network polymer may either a cross-linked polyfluorinated polyallylether-polyhydromethylsiloxane copolymer or a network polymer formed from cross-linked fluoromethylene cyanate ester monomers. These polymer networks are resistant to the diffusion of a metallization, such as copper, therethrough.

Abstract: A metallization is coated with a network polymer. The network polymer may be either a cross-linked polyfluorinated polyallylether-polyhydromethylsiloxane copolymer or a network polymer formed from cross-linked fluoromethylene cyanate ester monomers. These polymer networks are resistant to the diffusion of a metallization, such as copper, therethrough.

Abstract: A method of monitoring gases using electronic conductivity changes in ordd organic semiconductor films comprising an insulated substrate fabricated to an interdigital microelectrode and coated with a vapor sensitive semiconductor film. Variations in current flow caused by vapors interacting with the film are indicative of the vapor type.

Abstract: A double substitution of pentafluorsulfur on diacetylene by a reaction of diacetylene with pentafluoro sulfur bromide, followed by a dehydrobromineaction with potassium hydroxide. The substituted diacetylene polymerizes in the liquid and gas phases. The polymer is useful as a coating and surface-treatment agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to phthalocyanine compounds, and more particularly to the preparation of aryloxy, arylthio, alkyloxy, and alkylthio phthalocyanine compounds and their subsequent incorporation into semiconducting thin films by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique.