Abstract: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) yaw gyroscopes having out-of-plane quadrature trim electrodes are described. The gyroscope includes a proof mass configured to be driven in-plane. The proof mass includes an opening, or a plurality of openings. The out-of-plane quadrature trim electrodes are positioned to laterally overlap edges of the opening in a projection plane. The out-of-plane quadrature trim electrodes trim in-plane motion of the proof mass in one or two directions to limit quadrature motion. The out-of-plane quadrature trim electrodes may be arranged in a symmetric pattern to enable mode switching.

Abstract: Linearly polarized light beams emanating from elongated spot sources are reshaped to couple more efficiently into optical waveguides having circular or other less elongated entrances. A polarization rotator interrupts one-half of the beam along its wider dimension to rotate the polarization direction of a first transverse segment of the beam through 90 degrees with respect to the original polarization direction of a second transverse segment of the beam. A polarization-sensitive beam displacer relatively displaces the two beam segments into positions of overlap that effectively shorten the wider dimension of the spot source while increasing brightness within the region of overlap.

Abstract: Linearly polarized light beams emanating from elongated spot sources are reshaped to couple more efficiently into optical waveguides having circular or other less elongated entrances. A polarization rotator interrupts one-half of the beam along its wider dimension to rotate the polarization direction of a first transverse segment of the beam through 90 degrees with respect to the original polarization direction of a second transverse segment of the beam. A polarization-sensitive beam displacer relatively displaces the two beam segments into positions of overlap that effectively shorten the wider dimension of the spot source while increasing brightness within the region of overlap.