Abstract: A leak detector sequentially emits pulse signals toward a human body at a position at which a needle is inserted, detects pulse signals reflected inside of the human body, and measures a time interval between the emission and the detection for each of the pulse signals. Then, the leak detector calculates the difference between the measured interval and a predetermined time interval, and generates a leak warning for notification when the difference exceeds an acceptable range. Since a swelling on the surface of the human body causes a path of the pulse signal to extend, the leak detector can detect, based on the extended signal path, which the needle has come off a blood vessel.

Abstract: A medical extravasation device has an electrode patch that can attach to the skin for sensing electrical information. Tissue impedance is calculated from the electrode patch signals. The patch has elongate pick-up electrodes inboard of elongate energizing electrodes. The measuring zone determined by the elongate space between the pick-up electrodes enhances sensitivity and specificity. The presence of an extravasation is determined by interpreting the tissue impedance measurement. The method for determining the extravasation includes a first step of determining a pre-injection baseline measurement of the tissue impedance. Then, the tissue impedance is monitored during the procedure itself. A predetermined amount of change in tissue impedance is determined to indicate an extravasation.

Abstract: The technique for detecting extravasation during the injection of fluid into a patient involves the establishment of a baseline representing impedance at the zone of the injection prior to the injection starting. Extravasation is signaled when at least two characteristics appear. First is that the impedance varies from the baseline more than a predetermined amount in more than a predetermined number of discreet time slots called epochs herein. Second is that, the rate of change of the impedance, which is called the slope herein, is consistently greater than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for use with a contrast media injector. The injector is of the type including a gas source and a liquid source. The apparatus includes a gas delivery channel connected to the gas source and a liquid delivery channel connected to the liquid source. Two normally closed valves are provided to control flow from the gas and liquid channel. The valves insure that gas and liquid do not simultaneously exit from the channel. The valves minimize inadvertent mixing of the gas and saline downstream of the valves. The gas channel is connected to a gas source using a fitting which also connects electro-conductive wires in the apparatus to a power source. The liquid channel connects to a source of liquid.

Abstract: An improved enema insufflation system includes a source of barium sulfate suspension connected, by tubing, to a multi-lumen enema tip and a source of carbon dioxide, connected to the enema tip. The carbon dioxide source contains compressed carbon dioxide. The source is connected to a carbon dioxide reservoir capable of holding a pre-determined volume of carbon dioxide at a relatively low pressure. A hand actuated insufflation bulb is connected to the carbon dioxide reservoir. The insufflation bulb can draw carbon dioxide from the reservoir for delivery, through the enema tip, to a patient. The compressed, high-pressure carbon dioxide is functionally isolated from the patient to ensure patient safety.

Abstract: A surgical suturing instrument including a first jaw carrying a capsule which contains a suture having needles attached to its ends, a second jaw for receiving the needles and cooperating with the first jaw to clamp tissue to be sutured, a plunger in the first jaw for transferring the needles from the capsule to the second jaw through the clamped tissue, an actuator arm for successively moving the first jaw to closed position and operating the plunger, a common pivotal mounting for the jaws and the arm, and a latch member pivotally mounted on the first jaw for selectively interconnecting the first jaw with the arm and with the second jaw in succession as the arm is moved in a jaw-closing direction, so that such movement of the arm first closes the jaws and thereafter operates the plunger while the jaws are interlocked. The capsule has a notched bobbin for holding a U-shaped suture with the bight of the suture received in the notch.

Abstract: A medical extravasation device has an electrode patch that can attach to the skin for sensing electrical information. Tissue impedance is calculated from the electrode patch signals. The patch has elongate pick-up electrodes inboard of elongate energizing electrodes. The measuring zone determined by the elongate space between the pick-up electrodes enhances sensitivity and specificity. The presence of an extravasation is determined by interpreting the tissue impedance measurement. The method for determining the extravasation includes a first step of determining a pre-injection baseline measurement of the tissue impedance. Then, the tissue impedance is monitored during the procedure itself. A predetermined amount of change in tissue impedance is determined to indicate an extravasation.

Abstract: The technique for detecting extravasation during the injection of fluid into a patient involves the establishment of a baseline representing impedance at the zone of the injection prior to the injection starting. Extravasation is signaled when at least two characteristics appear. First is that the impedance varies from the baseline more than a predetermined amount in more than a predetermined number of discreet time slots called epochs herein. Second is that, the rate of change of the impedance, which is called the slope herein, is consistently greater than a predetermined amount.