Abstract: A vehicle includes a front fascia, a hood, and a front airfoil system including a front wing extending across a front of the vehicle. The front wing is spaced above and apart from the front fascia and the hood to define an upper airflow opening between the front fascia and the front wing. While the vehicle is moving, the upper airflow opening is configured to receive a flow of air therethrough and over the hood to enhance aerodynamic performance of the vehicle.

Abstract: An air deflection ring that is configured to be attached to a wheel of a motor vehicle that includes a barrel including a cylindrical inner surface and an opposing cylindrical outer surface, a plurality of spokes that are each separated by an opening and attach the barrel to a center of the wheel. The air deflection ring includes a cylindrical mounting ring that is configured to be fixed to the cylindrical inner surface of the barrel, and an air deflection flange that extends radially inwardly toward the center of the wheel from the cylindrical mounting ring. The cylindrical mounting ring is configured to be fixed to the cylindrical inner surface of the barrel at a location positioned immediately adjacent to the plurality of spokes, and the air deflection flange is configured to direct a flow of air away from the openings during rotation of the wheel.

Abstract: A side step for a vehicle includes an inner side coupled to or adjacent to a vehicle body, an outer side, a top side, a bottom side, a front end and a rear end, where the front end is adapted to be arranged closer to a front of a vehicle than the rear end. An air guide is provided at one or both of the front end and the rear end, the air guide projects outwardly relative to a central portion of the side step that is spaced from the air guide, and the air guide projects outwardly from one or both of the top side and bottom side, and the air guide is thicker, in a vertical direction, at said one or both of the front end and rear end than is the air guide at a location between the front end and rear end.

Abstract: A side step for a vehicle includes an inner side coupled to or adjacent to a vehicle body, an outer side, a top side, a bottom side, a front end and a rear end, where the front end is adapted to be arranged closer to a front of a vehicle than the rear end. An air guide is provided at one or both of the front end and the rear end, the air guide projects outwardly relative to a central portion of the side step that is spaced from the air guide, and the air guide projects outwardly from one or both of the top side and bottom side, and the air guide is thicker, in a vertical direction, at said one or both of the front end and rear end than is the air guide at a location between the front end and rear end.

Abstract: An air deflection ring that is configured to be attached to a wheel of a motor vehicle that includes a barrel including a cylindrical inner surface and an opposing cylindrical outer surface, a plurality of spokes that are each separated by an opening and attach the barrel to a center of the wheel. The air deflection ring includes a cylindrical mounting ring that is configured to be fixed to the cylindrical inner surface of the barrel, and an air deflection flange that extends radially inwardly toward the center of the wheel from the cylindrical mounting ring. The cylindrical mounting ring is configured to be fixed to the cylindrical inner surface of the barrel at a location positioned immediately adjacent to the plurality of spokes, and the air deflection flange is configured to direct a flow of air away from the openings during rotation of the wheel.

Abstract: A louvered shelf for preventing snow accumulation in an air induction system of a vehicle includes a main body configured to couple to the vehicle proximate the air induction system, a plurality of airflow apertures formed in the main body configured to receive a flow of snow-laden intake air bound for the air induction system, and a plurality of louver assemblies. Each louver assembly is operably associated with one airflow aperture of the plurality of airflow apertures to establish a tortuous path for the snow-laden intake air to travel through the one airflow aperture. Snow particles are separated from the snow-laden intake air due to centrifugal forces generated from travel of the snow laden air through the tortuous path and/or the snow particles striking the louver assemblies.

Abstract: A louvered shelf for preventing snow accumulation in an air induction system of a vehicle includes a main body configured to couple to the vehicle proximate the air induction system, a plurality of airflow apertures formed in the main body configured to receive a flow of snow-laden intake air bound for the air induction system, and a plurality of louver assemblies. Each louver assembly is operably associated with one airflow aperture of the plurality of airflow apertures to establish a tortuous path for the snow-laden intake air to travel through the one airflow aperture. Snow particles are separated from the snow-laden intake air due to centrifugal forces generated from travel of the snow laden air through the tortuous path and/or the snow particles striking the louver assemblies.

Abstract: A multi-airfoil element wing includes a central single-airfoil element and an outer dual-airfoil element positioned outboard of each side of the central single-airfoil element. The single-piece member defines aerodynamic surfaces of the central airfoil element and both of the outer dual-airfoil elements. The single-piece member includes a carbon fiber resin hollow body forming at least a portion of the central single-airfoil element and of both outer dual-airfoil elements.

Abstract: A multi-airfoil element wing includes a central single-airfoil element and an outer dual-airfoil element positioned outboard of each side of the central single-airfoil element. The single-piece member defines aerodynamic surfaces of the central airfoil element and both of the outer dual-airfoil elements. The single-piece member includes a carbon fiber resin hollow body forming at least a portion of the central single-airfoil element and of both outer dual-airfoil elements.