Abstract: A generally hollow cylindrical piston liner for insertion in an internal combustion engine between a piston and an engine block has a cast aluminum piston liner body with cast iron engine block contact surface structure extending therefrom and securely thermally bonded thereto for exhibiting a roughened outer contact surface adapted to interface with an engine block, and its method of manfacture. The cast iron contact surface member roughened surface is generated by introducing in a first mold step a mold wash substance that generates a substantially uniform bubble pattern within a mold wash matrix layer into which the molten iron is poured to thereby produce a roughened iron interface surface. The aluminum piston liner is then bonded to the iron liner in a second molding step by pouring molten aluminum into a pre-heated mold to bond the cast iron engine block surface structure to the aluminum liner.

Abstract: Dross formation in the aluminum melting and/or refining is avoided partially or totally by the method of this invention. The method is useful in unmodified open top furnaces. The elimination or reduction of dross formation is carried out throughout the body of molten aluminum by the installation of gas injection devices to extend through the refractory lining in the bottom of the furnace. For longer life without clogging metal cased refractories of the directional porosity type are used for gas injection. Mixtures of inert and hydrocarbon gases are used with respective proportions chosen to match the design parameters of different types of furnaces. In operation the dross is eliminated by reactions of the injected gases with the impurities of the molten aluminum batch at its hottest temperatures in the body of the aluminum mass to thereby reduce dross generally caused by oxidation of the molten aluminum within the molten mass.

Abstract: A method for producing ductile iron in a single reactor without the utilization of further processor like converters, tundishes, plunging etc. is disclosed. The method is applied in a modified induction furnace with a removable bottom injection device stainless steel tuyere type wherein it is possible to inject different gases like nitrogen, argon, chlorine, natural gas and solids like Magnesium, alloying, innoculants, desulfurization agents etc. through pneumatic transportation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device that heats liquid steel by means of induction in the tundishes of horizontal continuous casting machines.

Abstract: A method to produce stainless steels in electric arc furnaces without secondary processing is disclosed. The method includes three main steps: melting, oxidizing and reducing periods; during all of the steps natural gas is bottom blowed. During the oxidizing period an oxygen blow is accomplished preferably through a vertical lance and during the reducing period a chromium adjustment can be carried out by chromium ore additions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a fluid injection device for quick replacement, even in the red hot conditions, in a metallurgical reactor. The method comprises the external extraction of the injection device which is composed of an inner extractable blowing element and wear resistant block, element the blowing element secured in the wear resistant block and forming together the injection device. The quick interchange is first performed by extracting the inner blowing element, then installing a special extractor device in the space where the blowing element was and then extracting the wear resistant block by applying a force, in the opposite direction of the gas flow, through the bottom end of the extractor device. The extractor device has a special design so, when a force is applied at its bottom end, an expansive occurs at the upper end making the external extraction of said wear resistant block easier.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device to produce a coating from metal powder metallurgically bonded to a metallic part, said metal powder being compacted over the surface of said metallic part to form the coating using cold isostatic pressing, then coupling an open metallic container to the coating leaving a space between said open metallic container and said coating, completely filling the space between the metallic container and the coating with a ceramic material and sealing, so that the ceramic material exerts pressure due to the thermal expansion over the coating during the heating in a sintering furnace in order to get a metallurgical bond between the metallic part and the coating and simultaneously sintering the coating to achieve the desirable the desirable thickness and the required properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new steelmaking process and apparatus which operates on an intermittent basis where several cycles composed of reducing and oxidizing periods are performed to create sufficient energy for melting of solid metallic charge, i.e., sponge iron, scrap, iron ore. During the reducing period, oxygen and carbonaceous material are injected through the vessel bottom thus attaining both carburization of a steam of the melt and generation of CO+H.sub.2 rich gas, and when the dissolved carbon of the melt is in the range of 3%-4%, conditions are then changed to the oxidizing period where solid metallic charge is added initially while oxygen injection is maintained, and until the solid charge has been melted, thus generating a stream of CO+CO.sub.2 gas rich in CO. In addition, other fluids and solids participate in the process, i.e., nitrogen, hydrocarbons, fluxes, and are used according to the appropriate period of the process.

Abstract: A process for the desulphurization of residuals of petroleum distillation in the form of coke particles having an initial sulphur content greater than about 5% by weight. Desulphurization is effected by means of a continuous electrothermal process based on a plurality of sequentially connected fluidized beds into which the coke particles are successively introduced. The necessary heat generation to desulphurize the coke particles is obtained by using the coke particles as an electrical resistance in each fluidized bed by providing a pair of electrodes that extend into the fluidized coke particles and passing an electrical current through the electrodes and through the fluidized coke particles. A last fluidized bed without electrodes is provided for cooling the desulphurized coke particles after the sulphur level has been reduced to less than about 1% by weight.

Abstract: A mechanism and flow conduits for introducing and transporting a set of separated fluids and a stream of solid fines through passageway in a rotating metallurgical converter for introducing such fluids and solid fines into a liquid metal contained in the converter.Stationary conduits from flow sources connect to a non rotative sleeve which forms the external portion of a rotary joint able to introduce a set of separated fluids into the rotating converter passageways. Each separated stationary fluid conduit connects to port holes in the fixed sleeve to lead the flow to the interior of the sleeve, and connects a circumferential channel formed in rotating rings located between a rotating shaft affixed to the converter vessel trunnion pin and the static sleeve with a seal between each adjacent ring and corresponding channel. A port hole is located in each rotating channel ring for leading the fluid through internal flow paths inside and along the axis of the shaft body.

Abstract: A method for the improvement of the process for the refining of liquid metals by means of the injection of natural gas.It is upon the lab and semi-industrial plant experience of the inventors of the present invention, that it was found that during the injection of natural gas into liquid metals, there is substantially no cracking of methane under usual conditions of pressure and temperature in the refining processes.In such conditions, natural gas can be used as inert gas in metallurgical processes with technical and economical advantages over inert gases, introducing it through the bottom of the liquid bath. This practice has in addition, the property of reinforcing the process conditions, oxidizing or reducing, according to the slag in the molten bath.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the pyrometallurgical treatment of the environmentally hazardous steel mill flue dust or similar materials recovering the volatile metals from such materials in reduced form and converting the remaining iron into steel and slag. The distilled heavy metals are recovered as alloy by gas-expansion condensing from the top gas.The process reduction is carried out utilizing natural gas as reductant which is bottom injected in an induction furnace in which a furnace burden is formed of green ball pellets or formed as flue dust powders and an electromagnetic induction susceptor to heat the charge.

Abstract: A device for bubbling gases through molten metal and specially adapted to be used in ladles or metallurgical vessels where it is necessary to stop the flow of gas without risk of penetration of liquid metal through the device. The device includes a metal casing holding a number of refractory plates or concentric cylinders that have opposed, specially roughened surfaces and that have their roughened surfaces juxtaposed without inserts or slots between them. The plates or cylinders can be roughened by controlled shot blasting to provide a plurality of randomly arranged surface discontinuities that define a plurality of unoriented flow passages when the plates or cylinders are placed in contacting, face-to-face relationship. Gas flow rates substantially greater than 5 liters per second can be obtained, and the device prevents molten metal flow therethrough when the gas flow has been cut off.

Abstract: A process to improve electric arc furnace steelmaking. The efficiency increase is due to the metal-slag stirring that is produced by bottom gas injection through gas permeable ceramic elements. The permeable elements are not penetrated by the liquid metal, which does not stop the gas flow.The process is carried out in combination with a furnace charging door stopper device. The device avoids liquid ejections through the furnace charging door during the injection periods. The electric arc furnace steelmaking generalized practices are more effective when the molten metal is being stirred by gas injection, by increasing the metal-slag and the slag-atmosphere interphase area. When the stirring gas is natural gas, the process conditions, oxidizing or reducing, are reinforced according to the slag in the bath.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device used in the selection between two fluids that are to be injected into a liquid metal contained in a metallurgical converter: an oxidizing gas and another gas conveying powdered carbonaceous material; both fluids arrive through different conduits to a selecting valve located at the bottom of a metallurgical converter just before a single conduit tuyere for leading one of the fluids to the liquid metal by means of the selective mechanism in such valve.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotary joint for introducing a plurality of different separated fluids from a first static system, to a second system that is rotating with respect to the first, namely for passing fluids and solid fines carried in fluids into a rotatable iron converter through rotary trunnion couplings. The separated different fluids are passed simultaneously through a stationary cylindrical sleeve surrounding a rotating core shaft coupled to the trunnion. Conduits housed in such stationary sleeve pass the fluids to separate circumferential channels axially located along the rotating shaft from which a set of independent lines transporting fluids axially through the trunnion which is rotating with respect to the receiving static sleeve. Between the separate channels in the rotating shaft there are seals that do not permit the passage of a fluid from a given channel conduit into any other. This makes the conduction of fluids in the lines and/or channels independent of each other.

Abstract: A telescopic hood seals the coupling between the top of an oxygen converter and the stack during the melting and refining of iron in the converter.

Abstract: Improved method for producing steel with the combination of a basic oxygen furnace and a sponge iron plant. The sponge iron produced with a high carbon content, is loaded into the basic oxygen furnace in which oxygen and any type of powder carbon are injected through the bottom. During the melting and refining process, enough reducing gases are produced to yield all the energy needed to reduce iron ore into sponge iron in a batch process following the basic oxygen furnace cycles or continuous cycles. The gas produced per ton of liquid metal in the basic oxygen furnace is enough to produce iron as sponge iron.

Abstract: A method for making high quality liquid iron with substantially no residual chemical elements and a controlled content of carbon, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur and silicon in the final metal. Sponge iron, as raw material, is melted in a vessel or converter with a basic refractory lining. The energy required for melting the sponge iron is provided by the exothermic reaction of carbon from any coal or carbonaceous material and oxygen in solution within the metal bath and by the combustion of other hydro-carbon fluids, all injected to the bath through nozzles preferably located in the bottom of the converter. Further energy is obtained with the post-combustion of gases leaving the metal bath when ascending to the upper port of the converter.

Abstract: A fixed bed reactor specially adapted to be used in the gas-solid reaction for the production of sponge iron. The flow of gas is ascendant, entering at the bottom through a gas distributor specially designed to assure a uniform gas flow.