Abstract: Electrical connector includes a housing and a mating array having a plurality of signal contacts and a plurality of ground contacts that are coupled to the housing. The signal contacts and the ground contacts are positioned for mating with signal conductors and ground conductors, respectively, of a mating connector. The ground contacts are plated with a ground-material composition and the signal contacts are plated with a signal-material composition. The ground-material composition is configured to cause a first low-level contact resistance (LLCR) while mated with the ground conductors during operation. The signal-material composition is configured to cause a second LLCR while mated with the signal conductors during operation. The second LLCR is less than the first LLCR during operation.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and contact modules held by the housing. The contact modules include ground shields having ground contacts. The contact modules have a dielectric carrier that holds signal contacts. The ground contacts are configured for mating with corresponding ground contacts of a complementary mating connector, and are plated with a ground contact plating that includes at least one ground contact plating material. An interface between the ground contacts held and the corresponding ground contacts of the complementary mating connector has a first contact resistance. The signal contacts are configured for mating with corresponding signal contacts of the mating connector, and are plated with a signal contact plating. An interface between the signal contacts held and the signal contacts of the complimentary mating connector has a second contact resistance. The second contact resistance is lower than the first contact resistance.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a contact module having a first dielectric frame holding first conductors and a second dielectric frame holding second conductors stacked with the first dielectric frame to form the contact module. The first dielectric frame has insertion loss control windows defining air pockets exposing exposed portions of the corresponding first conductors to air. The size and shape of the insertion loss control windows control insertion loss along the first conductors. The second dielectric frame has insertion loss control windows defining air pockets exposing exposed portions of the corresponding second conductors to air. The size and shape of the insertion loss control windows control insertion loss along the second conductors. The insertion loss control windows of the second dielectric frame are aligned with and are open to the insertion loss control windows of the first dielectric frame.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and a plurality of conductors held within the housing. The conductors are configured to electrically connect to mating conductors of a mating connector. The conductors each extend a length between a mating end and a mounting end of the respective conductor. One or more of the conductors include a copper alloy core, a copper plating layer, and a protective outer layer. The copper plating layer surrounds the copper alloy core, and is composed of a different material than the copper alloy core. The protective outer layer is disposed on and surrounds the copper plating layer. The protective outer layer is composed of a non-conductive polymeric material.

Abstract: A header connector includes signal contacts, header shields and a header housing holding the signal contacts and the header shields. The signal contacts each have a base, a mating pin and a mounting portion. The header shields have walls defining shield pockets receiving corresponding pairs of the signal contacts to provide electrical shielding for the pairs of signal contacts. Each header shield has a base and a mounting portion. The header housing has a front shell and a rear shell. The front shell is dielectric and the rear shell is conductive and providing electrical shielding for the signal contacts. The front shell holds the signal contacts. The rear shell holds the header shields and is electrically connected to each of the header shields.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing, signal contacts, and ground shields. The housing has a base wall that defines openings therethrough. The signal contacts are arranged in pairs and project through at least some of the openings beyond a top side of the base wall. The ground shields project through at least some of the openings beyond the top side of the base wall. Each ground shield has at least two walls and at least partially surrounds a corresponding pair of the signal contacts. Each ground shield has an inner side that faces the corresponding pair of signal contacts and an outer side that is opposite the inner side. The outer sides of the ground shields have a lossy coating to absorb electrical resonances, and the inner sides of the ground shields lack the lossy coating.

Abstract: A twisted pair communications device and associated twisted pair communications system are disclosed. One twisted pair communications device includes a plurality of twisted pair connectors each associated with a different twisted pair communication channel, and a multi-channel connector communicatively connected to each of the plurality of twisted pair connectors. The multi-channel connector is configured to transmit and receive communication signals associated with each of the twisted pair communication channels on a multi-channel twisted pair cable and includes a plurality of wire pairs disposed in a plurality of rows within the connector. Fewer than all of the plurality of wire pairs are communicatively connected to twisted pair connectors, and wherein unassociated wire pairs in the multi-channel connector separate at least two groups of wire pairs associated with different twisted pair communication channels.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a substrate and a PCB connector footprint defined along a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis being subdivided into PCB column grouping footprints in columns parallel to the longitudinal axis. The PCB includes signal vias arranged in pairs along a signal pair axis. The pairs of signal vias are aligned in the columns parallel to the longitudinal axis and in rows parallel to the lateral axis. The signal pair axis is non-parallel to the lateral and longitudinal axes. The PCB includes ground vias with at least one ground via arranged between adjacent pairs of signal vias within the PCB column grouping footprints and at least one ground via is arranged between adjacent pairs of signal vias in adjacent PCB column grouping footprints. This orientation is to allow more spacing between the signal vias and some ground vias to enhance signal integrity.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a contact module having a first dielectric frame holding first conductors and a second dielectric frame holding second conductors stacked with the first dielectric frame to form the contact module. The first dielectric frame has insertion loss control windows defining air pockets exposing exposed portions of the corresponding first conductors to air. The size and shape of the insertion loss control windows control insertion loss along the first conductors. The second dielectric frame has insertion loss control windows defining air pockets exposing exposed portions of the corresponding second conductors to air. The size and shape of the insertion loss control windows control insertion loss along the second conductors. The insertion loss control windows of the second dielectric frame are aligned with and are open to the insertion loss control windows of the first dielectric frame.

Abstract: A header connector includes signal contacts, header shields and a header housing holding the signal contacts and the header shields. The signal contacts each have a base, a mating pin and a mounting portion. The header shields have walls defining shield pockets receiving corresponding pairs of the signal contacts to provide electrical shielding for the pairs of signal contacts. Each header shield has a base and a mounting portion. The header housing has a front shell and a rear shell. The front shell is dielectric and the rear shell is conductive and providing electrical shielding for the signal contacts. The front shell holds the signal contacts. The rear shell holds the header shields and is electrically connected to each of the header shields.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a substrate and a PCB connector footprint defined along a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis being subdivided into PCB column grouping footprints in columns parallel to the longitudinal axis. The PCB includes signal vias arranged in pairs along a signal pair axis. The pairs of signal vias are aligned in the columns parallel to the longitudinal axis and in rows parallel to the lateral axis. The signal pair axis is non-parallel to the lateral and longitudinal axes. The PCB includes ground vias with at least one ground via arranged between adjacent pairs of signal vias within the PCB column grouping footprints and at least one ground via is arranged between adjacent pairs of signal vias in adjacent PCB column grouping footprints.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a contact module having a dielectric frame holding conductors. The conductors extend between a mating end and a terminating end and have a transition portion between the corresponding mating end and the terminating end passing through the dielectric frame. The transition portions of the conductors have opposite first and second sides and opposite first and second edges between the first and second sides. The dielectric frame has opposite first and second sides generally parallel to the first and second sides of the transition portions. The dielectric frame has insertion loss control windows in at least one of the first side and the second side defining air pockets exposing exposed portions of the corresponding transition portions to air. The size and shape of the insertion loss control windows controlling insertion loss along the conductors.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and a plurality of conductors held within the housing. The conductors are configured to electrically connect to mating conductors of a mating connector. The conductors each extend a length between a mating end and a mounting end of the respective conductor. One or more of the conductors include a copper alloy core, a copper plating layer, and a protective outer layer. The copper plating layer surrounds the copper alloy core, and is composed of a different material than the copper alloy core. The protective outer layer is disposed on and surrounds the copper plating layer. The protective outer layer is composed of a non-conductive polymeric material.

Abstract: A twisted pair communications device and associated twisted pair communications system are disclosed. One twisted pair communications device includes a plurality of twisted pair connectors each associated with a different twisted pair communication channel, and a multi-channel connector communicatively connected to each of the plurality of twisted pair connectors. The multi-channel connector is configured to transmit and receive communication signals associated with each of the twisted pair communication channels on a multi-channel twisted pair cable and includes a plurality of wire pairs disposed in a plurality of rows within the connector. Fewer than all of the plurality of wire pairs are communicatively connected to twisted pair connectors, and wherein unassociated wire pairs in the multi-channel connector separate at least two groups of wire pairs associated with different twisted pair communication channels.

Abstract: Telecommunications jacks and methods of their use and construction are described. One telecommunications jack is adapted to receive a plug, and includes a housing defining a port for receiving the plug, as well as consecutively arranged contact springs adapted to make electrical contact with the plug when the plug is inserted into the port of the housing along a first axis. The jack includes wire termination contacts for terminating wires to the jack, and a circuit board arrangement including first and second circuits, the circuit board arrangement including a circuit board moveable in a direction non-parallel with the first axis between first and second positions. In the first position the circuit board electrically connects contact springs to wire termination contacts in a first configuration, and in the second position the circuit board connects contact springs to wire termination contacts in a second configuration.

Abstract: Electrical connector includes a housing and a mating array having a plurality of signal contacts and a plurality of ground contacts that are coupled to the housing. The signal contacts and the ground contacts are positioned for mating with signal conductors and ground conductors, respectively, of a mating connector. The ground contacts are plated with a ground-material composition and the signal contacts are plated with a signal-material composition. The ground-material composition is configured to cause a first low-level contact resistance (LLCR) while mated with the ground conductors during operation. The signal-material composition is configured to cause a second LLCR while mated with the signal conductors during operation. The second LLCR is less than the first LLCR during operation.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and contact assemblies. The housing includes shroud walls and a base having a front side and a rear side. The front side of the base and the shroud walls define a cavity configured to receive a mating connector. The base is electrically conductive and has chambers extending therethrough that are defined by chamber walls. The contact assemblies are received in the chambers. Each contact assembly has a signal pod surrounded on at least two sides by a ground shield. The signal pod includes a dielectric body holding a pair of signal contacts. The dielectric body engages interior sides of the ground shield to electrically insulate the signal contacts from the ground shield. Exterior sides of the ground shield engage the chamber walls of the base to electrically connect the ground shield to the base.

Abstract: A telecommunications plug includes a housing having an insertion portion sized to be received in a telecommunications jack, and a circuit board at least partially disposed within the housing. The circuit board includes a plurality of contacts exposed through the insertion portion to electrically connect to contact springs of the telecommunications jack and a plurality of wire connections receiving wires of a telecommunications cable. The plug further includes a switching mechanism movable relative to the circuit board and configured to switch between first and second positions, wherein the first and second positions selectably provide capacitive crosstalk between wire pairs within the plug.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and both signal conductors and ground conductors held by the housing. The ground conductors are arranged in an array with the signal conductors and provide electrical shielding between the signal conductors. The ground conductors have an electrically conductive metal body extending a length between a terminating end and a mating distal end. The ground conductors are configured to engage corresponding mating ground conductors of a mating connector at a contact location of the respective ground conductor. The ground conductors further include a damping segment disposed between the contact location and the mating distal end. The damping segment is characterized by a lossy coating at least partially covering the metal body to dissipate electrical energy.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a housing and both signal conductors and ground conductors held by the housing. The ground conductors are arranged in an array with the signal conductors and provide electrical shielding between the signal conductors. The ground conductors have an electrically conductive metal body extending a length between a terminating end and a mating distal end. The ground conductors are configured to engage corresponding mating ground conductors of a mating connector at a contact location of the respective ground conductor. The ground conductors further include a damping segment disposed between the contact location and the mating distal end. The damping segment is characterized by a lossy coating at least partially covering the metal body to dissipate electrical energy.