Abstract: Methods and apparatus for implementing a phase shifter in a space, e.g., chip surface area, efficient manner is described. In various embodiments a combination of switches, capacitors and a transformer are used in combination as a controllable phase shifter. In some embodiments the phase shifter supports a phase shift of 0 degrees or 180 degrees depending on the position of one or more switches. The mutual inductance of the transformer in at least some embodiments emulates one or more capacitors in a phase shift network making for an implementation that can be implemented on a semiconductor in an area efficient manner as compared to implementations using more capacitors and independent inductors.

Abstract: Aspects concern a data storage system comprising a data storage for storing data comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein each data element is associated with a data storage table, a data storage access interface configured to receive a request for an access to a data element from a data access client wherein the request comprises a identifier of the storage location of the data element and an access controller configured to determine a data storage table with which the data element is associated from the identifier of the storage location, determine whether the data access client has access rights to the determined data storage table allowing the access to the data element and grant the data access client access to the data element if the data access client has access rights to the determined data storage table allowing the access to the data element.

Abstract: The present invention provides techniques for use in providing advertisers and other entities with information relating to target audiences. Techniques are provided in which, in reply to an advertiser query, the advertiser is provided with, in connection with a specified target audience, topics of interest, levels of interest per topic, and a level or levels of engagement with the advertiser. Other information may also be provided, including topic of interest trending information, as well as topics of interest that best differentiate between the target audience and a specified comparison audience.