Abstract: A computing device includes a hardware processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions. The instructions are executable by the processor to: initiate a virtual machine (VM) using a user specification including a plurality of virtual interface adapters in a first order; identify a first virtual slot associated with a first virtual interface adapter of the plurality of virtual interface adapters; identify, based on the first virtual slot, a first virtual device identifier associated with the first virtual interface adapter; identify, based on the first virtual device identifier, an ordered interface name of the first virtual interface adapter; and reorder, based on the ordered interface name, an interface ordering file to list the plurality of virtual interface adapters in a second order.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes creating a first snapshot of at least one virtual machine at a first time. The first snapshot is created at a computing device of a cluster of computing devices configured to share the at least one virtual machine. As an example, each computing device in the cluster may modify the shared virtual machine via a direct input/output (I/O) transaction, bypassing a file-system stack. The first snapshot is transmitted to a backup device. The method includes creating a second snapshot of the at least one virtual machine at a second time and determining a set of changed data blocks associated with a difference between the second snapshot and the first snapshot. The set of changed blocks is transmitted to the backup device.