Abstract: Thin films of inexpensive composite polymer electrolyte membranes containing inorganic cation exchange materials including various clay based fillers are fabricated by solution casting. The membranes exhibit higher ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and/or lower gas crossover. In general, the composite membranes exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and superior fuel cell performance in hydrogen oxygen fuel cells.

Abstract: Thin films of inexpensive composite polymer electrolyte membranes containing inorganic cation exchange materials including various clay based fillers are fabricated by solution casting. The membranes exhibit higher ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and/or lower gas crossover. In general, the composite membranes exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and superior fuel cell performance in hydrogen oxygen fuel cells.

Abstract: A covalent crosslinking of ion-conducting materials via sulfonic acid groups can be applied to various low cost electrolyte membrane base materials for improved fuel cell performance metrics relative to such base material. This proposed approach is due, in part, to the observation that many aromatic and aliphatic polymer materials have significant potential as proton exchange membranes if a modification can increase their physical and chemical stabilities without sacrificing electrochemical performance or significantly increasing the material and production costs.

Abstract: Thin films of inexpensive composite polymer electrolyte membranes containing inorganic cation exchange materials including various clay based fillers are fabricated by solution casting. The membranes exhibit higher ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and/or lower gas crossover. In general, the composite membranes exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and superior fuel cell performance in hydrogen oxygen fuel cells.

Abstract: Embodiments include a process and composition for improved capacity retention of a lithium-ion battery. Embodiments include a surface/chemical modification of electrode materials. In certain embodiments the LiMn2O4 spinel oxide is modified with LixCoO2, LixNi0.5Co0.5O2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, MgO, MgAl2O4 or combinations thereof using a chemical processing procedure followed by heat treatment. The surface/chemically modified LiMn2O4 show an improved capacity retention at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. In certain embodiments, LixNi0.5Co0.5O2-modified LiMn2O4 demonstrates improved capacity retention. In other embodiments, Al2O3-modified LiMn2O4 demonstrates a higher capacity under certain conditions. In other embodiments the Li0.75CoO2-modified LiMn2O4 demonstrates a combination of improved capacity value and retention. In another embodiment the LiCoO2 layered oxide is modified with Al2O3 or Li1.05Mn1.9Ni0.05O4 using a chemical processing procedure followed by heat treatment.