Abstract: Process for the copolymerization of free radical polymerizable comonomers such as vinyl acetate with an unsaturated diester such as diakyl fumarate which is carried out in the presence of water to produce copolymers such as fumarate vinyl acetate copolymers useful as lubricating oil and fuel oil additives, for example, as wax crystal modifiers and flow improvers.

Abstract: A lubricating oil having an ashless nitrogenous TBN source together with ash containing detergent having a TBN in excess of 100, a source of magnesium, and metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate with predominantly or exclusively secondary hydrocarbyl groups is described. It comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity having a sulfated ash content between 0.35 and 2 mass percent and A) a nitrogenous TBN source selected from the group consisting of ashless nitrogen containing dispersants, ashless nitrogen containing dispersant viscosity modifiers, oil soluble aliphatic, oxyalkyl, or arylalkyl amines and mixtures thereof; B) a metal salt of an oil soluble acid having a TBN in excess of 100; C) at least 500 ppm (mass) magnesium; and D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. The nitrogenous TBN source provides at least about 1.5 TBN to the finished lubricant. The metal salt of an oil soluble acid provides at least about 40% of the total TBN of the composition.

Abstract: A lubricant which comprises: a mineral oil basestock which has been dewaxed via catalytic cracking and/or catalytic isomerization; an alkylene-alkylene copolymer; and a lubricating oil flow improver formed from the reaction product of: (a) an unsaturated carboxy ester formed via the esterification of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its corresponding anhydride with a monohydric aliphatic alcohol having an average carbon number of between about 10 to 18, the unsaturated carboxy ester having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and COOR and wherein R is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.22 alkyl group; and (b) a monomer selected from the group consisting of(i) a vinyl ester having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 comprises an alkyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms;(ii) an olefin having the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can independently be hydrogen, an alkyl having from 1 to 28 carbon atoms, or a substituted aryl group, provided both R.sub.1 and R.

Abstract: A method for testing a sample for soot-related viscosity increase comprising: (a) preparing the sample which comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) measuring the viscosity of the sample (c) preparing a stable sample/paste dispersion of the sample and a carbon black paste, (d) equilibrating the sample/paste dispersion, and (e) measuring the viscosity of the sample/paste dispersion, and a method for predicting physical effects of soot-loading on a sample in a test which measures viscosity increase comprising: (1) measuring viscosity increase for a series of reference fluids in the test, (2) measuring viscosity increase for the series of reference fluids in a method having steps (a) to (e), (3) developing a curve, (4) evaluating the sample using the method having steps (a) to (e), and (5) interpolating a viscometric effect for the sample using the curve.