Abstract: A process for the production of jet and other heavy fuels from alcohols and mixture of alcohols is disclosed. The process may include contacting in a reaction zone at least one C2 to C11 alcohol with a solid catalyst having activity for the simultaneous dehydration of the alcohols to form olefins, isomerization of the olefins to form internal olefins, and oligomerization of the olefins produced in situ via the dehydration reaction to form an effluent comprising mono-olefinic hydrocarbons. Preferably, the alcohol feed is a mixture of alcohols, such as C2 to C7 alcohols or C4 and C6 alcohols, enabling the production of a mixture of branched hydrocarbons that may be used directly as a jet fuel without blending.

Abstract: A process for the production of jet and other heavy fuels from alcohols and mixture of alcohols is disclosed. The process may include contacting in a reaction zone at least one C2 to C11 alcohol with a solid catalyst having activity for the simultaneous dehydration of the alcohols to form olefins, isomerization of the olefins to form internal olefins, and oligomerization of the olefins produced in situ via the dehydration reaction to form an effluent comprising mono-olefinic hydrocarbons. Preferably, the alcohol feed is a mixture of alcohols, such as C2 to C7 alcohols or C4 and C6 alcohols, enabling the production of a mixture of branched hydrocarbons that may be used directly as a jet fuel without blending.

Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of benzene in a hydrocarbon stream, the process including: fractionating a reformate to form a benzene concentrate fraction comprising benzene and other C6 hydrocarbons, and a heavies fraction comprising C7+ hydrocarbons; and hydrogenating the benzene concentrate fraction to form a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced benzene concentration.

Abstract: A process for the production of jet and other heavy fuels from alcohols and mixture of alcohols is disclosed. The process may include contacting in a reaction zone at least one C2 to C11 alcohol with a solid catalyst having activity for the simultaneous dehydration of the alcohols to form olefins, isomerization of the olefins to form internal olefins, and oligomerization of the olefins produced in situ via the dehydration reaction to form an effluent comprising mono-olefinic hydrocarbons. Preferably, the alcohol feed is a mixture of alcohols, such as C2 to C7 alcohols or C4 and C6 alcohols, enabling the production of a mixture of branched hydrocarbons that may be used directly as a jet fuel without blending.

Abstract: Processes for the desulfurization of high end point naphtha, such as naphtha fractions having an ASTM D-86 end point of greater than 450° F., greater than 500° F., or greater than 550° F., and containing hindered sulfur compounds, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for reformate benzene reduction, the process including: feeding a light reformate fraction, an olefin feed, and an alkylation catalyst to an alkylation reaction zone; contacting the light reformate fraction and the olefin feed in the presence of the alkylation catalyst in the alkylation reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the benzene and the olefin to a monoalkylate; recovering a catalyst fraction from an alkylation reaction zone effluent; and recovering a light reformate product having a reduced benzene content.

Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of benzene in a hydrocarbon stream, the process including: fractionating a reformate to form a benzene concentrate fraction comprising benzene and other C6 hydrocarbons, and a heavies fraction comprising C7+ hydrocarbons; and hydrogenating the benzene concentrate fraction to form a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced benzene concentration.

Abstract: A process for reformate benzene reduction, the process including: feeding a light reformate fraction, an olefin feed, and an alkylation catalyst to an alkylation reaction zone; contacting the light reformate fraction and the olefin feed in the presence of the alkylation catalyst in the alkylation reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the benzene and the olefin to a monoalkylate; recovering a catalyst fraction from an alkylation reaction zone effluent; and recovering a light reformate product having a reduced benzene content.

Abstract: A selected boiling range fluid catalytically cracked naphtha stream is subjected to simultaneous splitting, thioetherification of a light boiling range naphtha and selective hydrogenation of the dienes in a medium boiling range naphtha.

Abstract: A fuel or fuel blendstock comprising ethanol, ethyl ethers, olefins, and alkanes. In some embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock of claim 1, wherein the fuel or fuel blendstock may have an octane number greater than 92 (RON+MON)/2). In other embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock may have a Reid vapor pressure less than 7.2 psi. Also disclosed is a process for the production of a fuel, the process including: contacting ethanol and at least one gasoline fraction including alkanes and olefins in the presence of a catalyst to form a fuel mixture including ethyl ethers, alkanes, unreacted olefins, and unreacted ethanol; and recovering the fuel mixture for use as a gasoline or gasoline blendstock without separation of the ethanol from the fuel mixture.

Abstract: An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor is a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.

Abstract: A process for the production of low sulfur, low olefin gasoline wherein a cracked naphtha, such as a full boiling range cracked naphtha, is first separated by fractional distillation into at least two fractions while simultaneously selectively hydrogenating the polyunsaturated compounds contained therein. The mono olefins in the light fraction are then subjected to etherification with alcohol to produce ethers or hydration with water to produce alcohols. The heavy fraction is subjected to sulfur removal by hydrodesulfurization or chemisorption. The two fractions are then combined to produce a low sulfur, low olefin gasoline.

Abstract: An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor is a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.

Abstract: An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor is a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.

Abstract: A process for the production of propylene from the metathesis of ethylene and 2-butene is disclosed wherein a mixed C4 stream is first treated to enrich and separate the 2-butene from 1-butene and isobutene by isomerization of 1-butene and concurrent fractional distillation of the 2-butene and isobutene to provide the 2-butene feed the metathesis with ethylene. In addition the mixed C4 stream may be treated to remove mercaptans and dienes prior to 2-butene enrichment.

Abstract: A fluid cracked naphtha stream is subjected to hydrodesulfurization and fractionation, preferably simultaneously in catalytic distillation reactors. The overheads and a portion of the bottoms from the fractionation are recombined to produce a naphtha blend having an ASTM D-86 95% point greater than the end point of the overheads and less than the ASTM D-86 95% point of the bottoms.

Abstract: A selected boiling range fluid catalytically cracked naphtha stream is subjected to simultaneous splitting, thioetherification of a light boiling range naphtha and selective hydrogenation of the dienes in a medium boiling range naphtha.

Abstract: A process for producing debenzenized and isomerized complex refinery streams, such as gasoline blending stock, by hydrogenating benzene, contained in a mixed hydrocarbon stream in which for example a reformate naphtha stream containing benzene is hydrogenated with a selective hydrogenation catalyst to convert benzene into cyclohexane and contacting the debenzenized stream containing cyclohexane with a selective isomerization catalyst to isomerize cyclohexane to methyl cyclopentane and incidentally at the same time isomerize normal paraffins to the corresponding isoparaffins.

Abstract: An energy efficient process scheme for a highly exothermic reaction-distillation system in which the reactor is external to the distillation column and the feed to the reactor comprises a mixture of at least one liquid product stream from the distillation column with or without other liquid/vapor reactants. The reactor is operated under adiabatic and boiling point conditions and at a pressure that results in vaporizing a portion of the liquid flow through the reactor due to the heat of reaction. Under these conditions, reaction temperature is controlled by reactor pressure. The pressure (and hence the temperature) is maintained at a sufficiently high level such that the reactor effluent can be efficiently used to provide reboil heat for the distillation column.

Abstract: A process for the production of propylene from the metathesis of ethylene and 2-butene is disclosed wherein a mixed C4 stream is first treated to enrich and separate the 2-butene from 1-butene and isobutene by isomerization of 1-butene and concurrent fractional distillation of the 2-butene and isobutene to provide the 2-butene feed the metathesis with ethylene. In addition the mixed C4 stream may be treated to remove mercaptans and dienes prior to 2-butene enrichment.