Abstract: A method for evaluating authorization rules, the method including evaluating a plurality of authorization rules in connection with an authorization process for a subject, storing in a computer-readable storage medium and in association with the subject a rule identifier of any of the rules that are applicable to the subject, and performing, in connection with a subsequent authorization process for the subject, a computer-based action indicated by any of the rules identified by any of the stored rule identifiers, where the performing step is performed independent from an evaluation of the applicability of any of the authorization rules in connection with the subsequent authorization process.

Abstract: A system for managing watcher information in a distributed server environment, including a watcher information database configured to store records, any of the records populated by a watcher identifier, a presentity identifier, a list of unique identifiers of a plurality of subscriptions by the watcher, a watcher state field indicating a current state of the watcher, and an event field indicating an event that last caused the state of the watcher to change, each record representing a different pair of a watcher and a presentity pair, and where each of the records maintains a single state for one or more subscriptions by a watcher to receive presence information regarding a presentity, and a plurality of presence servers, where each of the presence servers is configured to modify any of the records to reflect the current state of a watcher for any subscription indicated in the record.