Abstract: A composition containing: a compound (2); a metal compound; and at least one selected from a compound (3) and a compound (4), the compound (3) being contained in an amount of 10000 ppm or less relative to the compound (2), the compound (4) being contained in an amount of 10000 ppm or less relative to the compound (2), the compound (2) being represented by the following formula (2): the compound (3) being represented by the following formula (3): and the compound (4) being represented by the following formula (4): wherein the various substituents of compounds (2), (3) and (4) are as defined herein.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a propionic acid derivative with high productivity. The object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 is a halogen atom or the like, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group, X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents, R6 is a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): with a compound represented by formula (3): M(R1)n, wherein M is a cation, n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M, and a compound represented by formula (4): R6—X—H; and step B of separating, by filtration, the compound represented by formula (5): MFn from the mixture obtained by the above reaction.

Abstract: A blade includes a blade body having a cavity, an insert inserted in the cavity, a plurality of impingement holes formed in a circumferential wall of the insert, and a recovery path for recovering a cooling medium sprayed from the impingement holes. The cooling medium can be recovered without being discharged into a main gas. A gas turbine having this blade is used for a combined cycle power plant. In this plant, steam is supplied as a cooling medium to the blade, and the steam recovered from the blade is supplied to a steam turbine.

Abstract: A semiconductor switching apparatus includes a member for radiating heat generated from semiconductor switching element chips and for reducing a thermal stress. The lengths of gate electrode wires are equally set. The semiconductor switching apparatus has a large capacity and good switching characteristics.