Abstract: An electron source irradiates a target by inclining an electron beam at a predetermined irradiation angle ? with respect to a perpendicular to a target substrate. In this way, it is possible to extract grating-shaped X-rays in a direction perpendicular to the target substrate. The target substrate includes a substance containing a light element. On a surface of the target substrate, a plurality of grooves periodically disposed in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional direction to have a grating shape is formed. X-ray generating portions are arranged in a grating shape by being embedded in the plurality of grooves formed in the target substrate. The X-ray generating portions are made of a metal including W, Ta, Pt or Au or an alloy thereof. A depth M of the X-ray generating portions arranged in the grating shape is set within a predetermined range. The generation efficiency of X-rays for phase imaging is improved.

Abstract: An X-ray thin film inspection device of the present invention includes an X-ray irradiation unit 40 installed on a first rotation arm 32, an X-ray detector 50 installed on a second rotation arm 33, and a fluorescence X-ray detector 60 for detecting fluorescence X-rays generated from an inspection target upon irradiation of X-rays. The X-ray irradiation unit 40 includes an X-ray optical element 43 comprising a confocal mirror for receiving X-rays radiated from an X-ray tube 42, reflects plural focused X-ray beams monochromatized at a specific wavelength and focuses the plural focused X-ray beams to a preset focal point, and a slit mechanism 46 for passing therethrough any number of focused X-ray beams out of the plural focused X-ray beams reflected from the X-ray optical element 43.

Abstract: An X-ray thin film inspection device of the present invention includes an X-ray irradiation unit 40 installed on a first rotation arm 32, an X-ray detector 50 installed on a second rotation arm 33, and a fluorescence X-ray detector 60 for detecting fluorescence X-rays generated from an inspection target upon irradiation of X-rays. The X-ray irradiation unit 40 includes an X-ray optical element 43 comprising a confocal mirror for receiving X-rays radiated from an X-ray tube 42, reflects plural focused X-ray beams monochromatized at a specific wavelength and focuses the plural focused X-ray beams to a preset focal point, and a slit mechanism 46 for passing therethrough any number of focused X-ray beams out of the plural focused X-ray beams reflected from the X-ray optical element 43.

Abstract: A portable X-ray diffraction apparatus is provided which can be held by a person and on which an image of a spot to be measured can be viewed. The portable X-ray diffraction apparatus includes: X-ray irradiation means that irradiates a sample with collimated X-rays; diffracted X-ray detection means that detects a collimated portion of diffracted X-rays among X-rays diffracted from the sample by the irradiation of the X-rays with the X-ray irradiation means; and signal processing means that processes a signal outputted from the diffracted X-ray detection means. An X-ray diffraction method is used which includes: irradiating a sample with collimated continuous-wavelength X-rays; extracting a collimated portion of diffracted X-rays diffracted from the sample irradiated with the X-rays and condensing the extracted collimated portion of the diffracted X-rays; detecting, using an energy dispersive detection element, the condensed diffracted X-rays; and processing a signal detected by the detection element.

Abstract: A portable X-ray diffraction apparatus is provided which can be held by a person and on which an image of a spot to be measured can be viewed. The portable X-ray diffraction apparatus includes: X-ray irradiation means that irradiates a sample with collimated X-rays; diffracted X-ray detection means that detects a collimated portion of diffracted X-rays among X-rays diffracted from the sample by the irradiation of the X-rays with the X-ray irradiation means; and signal processing means that processes a signal outputted from the diffracted X-ray detection means. An X-ray diffraction method is used which includes: irradiating a sample with collimated continuous-wavelength X-rays; extracting a collimated portion of diffracted X-rays diffracted from the sample irradiated with the X-rays and condensing the extracted collimated portion of the diffracted X-rays; detecting, using an energy dispersive detection element, the condensed diffracted X-rays; and processing a signal detected by the detection element.

Abstract: An X-ray thin film inspection apparatus including a sample table on which an inspection target such as a product wafer or the like is mounted, a positioning mechanism for moving the sample table, a goniometer having first and second swing arms, at least one X-ray irradiation unit that are mounted on the first swing arm and containing an X-ray tube and an X-ray optical element in a shield tube, an X-ray detector mounted on a second swing arm, and an optical camera for subjecting the inspection target disposed on the sample table to pattern recognition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wave soldering method and a wave soldering apparatus using lead-free solder comprising a wave soldering step in which the lower side of a substrate with leads of component parts inserted in through-holes formed in the substrate from the upper side is wave soldered by contact with a molten lead-free solder blowout at a wave soldering portion provided in a chamber, and a cooling step in which an inert gas in the chamber is recirculated and cooled and is blown to the lower side of the substrate wave soldered with the lead-free solder in the wave soldering step and being conveyed, to cool the lower side of the substrate, at a blowing portion provided adjacently to the wave soldering portion in the chamber, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: It is possible to provide an RFID tag having less poor connections. The present invention can solve the above problem by using a structure of an RFID tag which includes a metallic antenna and a semiconductor device in which a terminal is connected to the antenna, wherein the semiconductor device is smaller than 0.5-mm square and is connected to the antenna through metal connection.

Abstract: An X-ray thin film inspection apparatus including a sample table on which an inspection target such as a product wafer or the like is mounted, a positioning mechanism for moving the sample table, a goniometer having first and second swing arms, at least one X-ray irradiation unit that are mounted on the first swing arm and containing an X-ray tube and an X-ray optical element in a shield tube, an X-ray detector mounted on a second swing arm, and an optical camera for subjecting the inspection target disposed on the sample table to pattern recognition.

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive includes a base constituting at least a face included in an enclosure; a shaft secured to the base; a rotor which rotates around the shaft as a rotary axis; a stator for rotating the rotor; and a magnetic disk secured to the rotor; wherein the stator is disposed on a face facing the base. This improves durability of the magnetic disk drive.

Abstract: A disk drive comprising a rotor, to which a disk and a plurality of magnets are fixed, and an open-slot type integrally molded stator disposed about an outer periphery of the magnets, and wherein the stator comprises coils formed by etching metallic films on teeth. The invention may also be applied to a closed-slot type stator. With either type, it is possible to produce an opening that is equal to or smaller than the thickness of a coil wire and cogging torque is minimized.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to inhibit a turning force of a magnetic disc apparatus from being reduced. In order to achieve the object, there is provided a magnetic disc apparatus having a rotor to which a magnetic disc fixed, and a stator which is filled with a resin between stator coils, wherein a member having a lower expansion coefficient than a thermal expansion coefficient of the resin is arranged between the stator coils.

Abstract: A disk drive comprising a rotor, to which a disk and a plurality of magnets are fixed, and an open-slot type integrally molded stator disposed about an outer periphery of the magnets, and wherein the stator comprises coils formed by etching metallic films on teeth. The invention may also be applied to a closed-slot type stator. With either type, it is possible to produce an opening that is equal to or smaller than the thickness of a coil wire and cogging torque is minimized.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to inhibit a turning force of a magnetic disc apparatus from being reduced. In order to achieve the object, there is provided a magnetic disc apparatus having a rotor to which a magnetic disc fixed, and a stator which is filled with a resin between stator coils, wherein a member having a lower expansion coefficient than a thermal expansion coefficient of the resin is arranged between the stator coils.

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive includes a base constituting at least a face included in an enclosure; a shaft secured to the base; a rotor which rotates around the shaft as a rotary axis; a stator for rotating the rotor; and a magnetic disk secured to the rotor; wherein the stator is disposed on a face facing the base. This improves durability of the magnetic disk drive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wave soldering method and a wave soldering apparatus using lead-free solder comprising a wave soldering step in which the lower side of a substrate with leads of component parts inserted in through-holes formed in the substrate from the upper side is wave soldered by contact with a molten lead-free solder blowout at a wave soldering portion provided in a chamber, and a cooling step in which an inert gas in the chamber is recirculated and cooled and is blown to the lower side of the substrate wave soldered with the lead-free solder in the wave soldering step and being conveyed, to cool the lower side of the substrate, at a blowing portion provided adjacently to the wave soldering portion in the chamber, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A protective film which is close to a substrate of a magnetic head in term of thermal expansion coefficient and hardness when it is placed on a slide face of the magnetic head, and moreover is made of material which is high stability in water and enables the film to be formed at high speed. The protective film contains a region of composition CaMgSi.sub.2 O.sub.6 at least in a part thereof. Ca atom is surrounded by O atoms with the coordination number of eight, Mg is surrounded by O atoms with the coordination number of six, and Si is surrounded by O atoms with the coordination number of four in the atomic configuration in the region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric appliance and a remaining life estimation system wherein the electric appliance having a printed circuit board on which at least LSI components are mounted includes an IC with sensor. The IC includes a time monitor for calculating the operation status which is a use condition affecting the life of a reusable component of the appliance, a temperature and humidity sensor for detecting at least temperature and humidity environmental conditions affecting the life of the reusable component, and a memory for storing the history of temperature and humidity in correspondence with the history of operation status.

Abstract: In an electronic circuit device, a thin film resistor is formed on a substrate and includes first regions including one kind of atom such as Cr and exhibiting an electric conductivity and a second region including a compound such as SiO.sub.2 composed of two kinds of atoms and exhibiting an insulating property. In the thin film resistor, the first regions are scattered in the second region and have an average particle size of 2 nm to 20 nm.

Abstract: A pneumatic-hydraulic booster for vehicles includes a master cylinder part; a pneumatic cylinder part combined with the master cylinder part including a power piston slidably fitted to a cylindrical casing and an output rod fixed to the power piston, extending to the master cylinder part; a partition wall body fitted to the cylindrical casing; and a relay valve part being arranged at the opposite side of the partition wall body to the power piston in the cylindrical casing. The relay valve supplies compressed air into an air pressure chamber formed between the partition wall body and the power piston and discharges the compressed air from the air pressure chamber to the atmosphere. When compressed air is supplied into the air pressure chamber through the relay valve part, the power piston and the output rod are moved forwards to generate hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder part. The hydraulic pressure is applied to a wheel cylinder.