Abstract: In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a system comprising a computer processor and a storage device having instructions stored thereon that are operable, when executed by the computer processor, to cause the computer processor to: (i) receive clinical data of a subject and a set of treatment options for a disease or disorder of the subject, wherein the set of treatment options corresponds to clinical outcomes having future uncertainty; (ii) access a prediction module comprising a trained machine learning model that determines probabilistic predictions of clinical outcomes of the set of treatment options based at least in part on clinical data of test subjects; and (iii) apply the prediction module to at least the clinical data of the subject to determine probabilistic predictions of clinical outcomes of the set of treatment options.