Abstract: A catalyst composition, a catalytic reduction system including the catalyst composition and a system using the catalytic reduction system are provided. The catalyst composition includes a templated metal oxide substrate and a catalyst material. The templated metal oxide substrate comprises yttrium and has a plurality of pores. Yttrium is present in an amount from about 0.05 mol percent to about 3 mol percent of the substrate. The catalyst material includes a catalyst metal disposed on the templated metal oxide substrate.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a homogeneous solid mixture containing at least one catalytic metal and at least one metal inorganic support. The pores of the solid mixture have an average diameter in a range of about 1 nanometer to about 15 nanometers. The catalytic metal comprises nanocrystals.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a first catalytic material disposed on a metal inorganic support; wherein the metal inorganic support has pores; and at least one promoting metal. The catalyst system further comprises a second catalytic composition comprising, (i) a zeolite, or (ii) a first catalytic material disposed on a first substrate, the first catalytic material comprising an element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, titanium, and vanadium. The catalyst system may further comprise a third catalytic composition. The catalyst system may further comprise a delivery system configured to deliver a reductant and optionally a co-reductant. A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition, the second catalytic composition, and the third catalytic composition is also provided. An exhaust system comprising the catalyst systems described herein is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising, (i) a first component comprising a zeolite, and (ii) a second component comprising a homogeneous solid mixture containing at least one catalytic metal and at least one metal inorganic network; wherein the pores of the solid mixture have an average diameter in a range of about 1 nanometer to about 15 nanometers; wherein the first component and the second component form an intimate mixture. The catalyst system may further comprise a second catalytic composition and a third catalytic composition. The catalyst system may further comprise a delivery system configured to deliver a reductant and optionally a co-reductant. An exhaust system comprising the catalyst systems described herein is also provided.

Abstract: A method of operating a membrane separation module is provided that includes the steps of directing a feed stream comprising a first component into the membrane separation module to separate the first component by permeating it across a membrane; and introducing a second component into the feed stream such that the second component has a higher permeability through said membrane than the permeability of the first component through said membrane.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method comprises reacting a reactive solution and a templating agent to form a gel; and calcining the gel to form a catalyst composition comprising homogeneous solid mixture. The homogenous solid mixture contains (i) at least one catalytic metal and (ii) at least one metal inorganic network. The templating agent comprises an octylphenol ethoxylate having a structure [I]: wherein “n” is an integer having a value of about 8 to 20. A catalyst composition prepared using the templating agent having a structure [1] is also provided.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel converter comprising a catalyst composition, and the catalyst composition can convert fuel into a hydrocarbon reductant stream; a separation system that separates the hydrocarbon reductant stream into a first reductant sub-stream that comprises short chain hydrocarbon molecules, and a second reductant sub-stream that comprises long chain hydrocarbon molecules; a selective catalytic reduction catalyst reactor in fluid communication with the fuel converter, and the catalyst reactor has an inner surface that defines a first zone and a second zone, and the first zone is configured to receive the second reductant sub-stream, and the second zone is configured to receive the first reductant sub-stream; and an exhaust stream that flows into the first zone contacts the second reductant sub-stream before flowing into the second zone and contacting the first reductant sub-stream.

Abstract: An emission reduction apparatus is provided that includes a fuel conversion unit configured to convert a first portion of fuel from a fuel tank into a set of reducing agents that includes hydrogen, an exhaust path configured to convey an exhaust stream containing nitrogen oxides away from an engine, a transport system configured to transport each of a second portion of fuel from the fuel tank, the set of reducing agents, and the hydrogen into the exhaust path such that a mixture is formed, and the catalytic material configured to aid in a conversion of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust stream of the mixture into nitrogen.