Abstract: A process for dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which utilizes a solid acid catalyst for ethylene oligomerization in a first stage and a metal catalyst for further oligomerization in a second stage. Distillate fuels can be produced from the process. Oligomerized olefins may be recycled to the first stage oligomerization reaction to ensure sufficient oligomerization of smaller olefins.

Abstract: A process of converting an ethanol feed stream to ethylene comprising sending portions of said ethanol feed stream to two reactors in parallel and then sending the combined product to a third reactor that is operated at a higher temperature to prevent the formation of ethers such as diethyl ether.

Abstract: A process of converting an ethanol feed stream to ethylene comprising sending portions of said ethanol feed stream to two reactors in parallel and then sending the combined product to a third reactor that is operated at a higher temperature to prevent the formation of ethers such as diethyl ether.

Abstract: A process of hydrogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process comprises passing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising toluene to a hydrogenation reactor. A hydrogen stream is passed to the hydrogenation reactor. In the hydrogenation reactor, the hydrocarbon feed stream is hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated effluent stream comprising methylcyclohexane. The hydrogenated effluent stream is indirectly contacted with a water stream to produce a steam stream. The steam stream is taken from the hydrogenation reactor. In an electrolyzer, hydrogen is separated from the steam stream to produce the hydrogen stream which is passed to the hydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: A process of carrying hydrogen on a hydrogen carrier is disclosed. The process comprises hydrogenating a hydrocarbon feed stream in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated stream for carrying hydrogen. The hydrogenated stream is contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst to produce a dehydrogenated stream. The dehydrogenated stream is fractionated in a fractionation column to produce a fractionation column overhead stream comprising C7? hydrocarbons and a fractionation column bottoms stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprising about 1 to about 10 wt % C12 to C16 hydrocarbons can be taken from the fractionation column bottoms stream. A hydrocarbon composition comprising about 1 to about 10 wt % C12 to C16 hydrocarbons and at least about 80 wt % toluene is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for dehydration of ethanol to produce ethylene is provided. Ethanol is dehydrated to produce ethylene and the subsequent conversion of ethylene to longer chain olefins and then their hydrogenation to produce long chain paraffins. In some embodiments, a split feed is employed to improve efficiency and a caustic wash column is eliminated. The advantages of the process include a lower requirement for steam and a reduction in the combined reactor volume of 30-40% when two reactors are used as compared to a single reactor.

Abstract: An ethanol dehydration process is provided in which the steam to ethanol ratio is between about 1.0 to 2.0 wt/wt and preferably about 1.5 wt/wt. Steam can be imported from outside the dehydration process such as from an oligomerization or dimerization reaction.

Abstract: A process for dehydration of ethanol to produce ethylene is provided. Ethanol is dehydrated to produce ethylene and the subsequent conversion of ethylene to longer chain olefins and then their hydrogenation to produce long chain paraffins. In some embodiments, a split feed is employed to improve efficiency and a caustic wash column is eliminated. The advantages of the process include a lower requirement for steam and a reduction in the combined reactor volume of 30-40% when two reactors are used as compared to a single reactor.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing an olefin stream comprising charging a light olefin vapor stream comprising ethylene to a first oligomerization reactor containing a first oligomerization catalyst to produce a first oligomerized stream. A heavy olefin liquid stream comprising C3-C8 olefin liquids stream is charged to a second oligomerization reactor containing a second oligomerization catalyst to produce a second oligomerized stream. The two oligomerized streams can be processed to recover fuel streams together.

Abstract: A process of producing jet fuel is disclosed. The process comprises separating lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass to provide a lignin stream. The lignin stream is pyrolyzed and/or hydrotreated to produce an aromatic rich bio-oil stream. The aromatics in the aromatic rich bio-oil stream are alkylated with an alkylating agent to produce an alkylated aromatic product stream. The alkylating agent can be taken from the lignocellulosic biomass. The process produces a green jet fuel.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which regenerates a first stage oligomerization catalyst bed and/or a second oligomerization catalyst bed in situ by contact with an oxygen gas at elevated temperature. The oligomerization catalyst can be restored to full activity. A regeneration process can enable continuous operation.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which regenerates a first stage oligomerization catalyst bed and/or a second oligomerization catalyst bed in situ by contact with an oxygen gas at elevated temperature. Purge and pressurization of the oligomerization catalyst bed before regeneration and pressure maintenance after regeneration can be achieved with an inert gas provided by carbon dioxide generated from fermenting starches and sugars from biomass to make alcohol or from carbon burn in the regeneration process. The alcohol can also be dehydrated to olefins to provide the olefin charge stream for oligomerization. The oligomerization catalyst can be restored to full activity. A regeneration process can enable continuous operation.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefin streams comprising sending olefin streams comprising a C2? olefin vapor stream and a C3+ olefin liquids stream to a first stage oligomerization reactor containing a solid acid oligomerization catalyst to produce a first stage oligomerized stream; oligomerizing said first-stage oligomerization stream in a second stage oligomerization reactor containing a metal catalyst to provide a second stage oligomerized stream.

Abstract: An ethanol dehydration process is provided in which the steam to ethanol ratio is between about 1.0 to 2.0 wt/wt and preferably about 1.5 wt/wt. Steam can be imported from outside the dehydration process such as from an oligomerization or dimerization reaction.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which regenerates a first stage oligomerization catalyst bed and/or a second oligomerization catalyst bed in situ by contact with an oxygen gas at elevated temperature. The oligomerization catalyst can be restored to full activity. A regeneration process can enable continuous operation.

Abstract: A feed stream of cyclic paraffins may be separated to obtain an overhead of methylcyclopentane or cyclohexane and a bottoms stream cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane. The overhead stream may be subjected to separation of normal paraffins from non-normal paraffins with the former being isomerized or the entire overhead stream may be isomerized. In a further embodiment, the bottoms stream may be subjected to steam cracking. In an additional embodiment, the feed stream of cyclic paraffins may be formerly subjected to aromatic saturation.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing an olefin stream comprising charging a light olefin vapor stream comprising ethylene to a first oligomerization reactor containing a first oligomerization catalyst to produce a first oligomerized stream. A heavy olefin liquid stream comprising C3-C8 olefin liquids stream is charged to a second oligomerization reactor containing a second oligomerization catalyst to produce a second oligomerized stream. The two oligomerized streams can be processed to recover fuel streams together.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus for hydrogenating olefins wherein the hydrogen stream is generated from the electrolysis of water is described. Water is derived from a first reaction step wherein a first feed stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons is reacted to produce a first reacted product stream comprising olefins and a second reacted product stream comprising water. The second reacted product stream is electrolyzed to produce an electrolyzer product stream comprising hydrogen. Hydrogen is used to hydrogenate olefins. A paraffin stream can be obtained from the hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: The process produces a diesel stream from a biorenewable feedstock by hydrotreating to remove heteroatoms and saturate olefins. The recycle gas is recycled to the hydrotreating reactor without removing hydrogen sulfide, which is needed in the biorenewable feed to keep the hydrotreating catalyst active. A purification unit can be utilized on a purge gas stream to purify the gas and improve hydrogen concentration in the recycle gas when added to the recycle gas.

Abstract: A process of converting an ethanol feed stream to ethylene comprising sending portions of said ethanol feed stream to two reactors in parallel and then sending the combined product to a third reactor that is operated at a higher temperature to prevent the formation of ethers such as diethyl ether.