Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefin streams comprising sending olefin streams comprising a C2? olefin vapor stream and a C3+ olefin liquids stream to a first stage oligomerization reactor containing a solid acid oligomerization catalyst to produce a first stage oligomerized stream; oligomerizing said first-stage oligomerization stream in a second stage oligomerization reactor containing a metal catalyst to provide a second stage oligomerized stream.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which regenerates a first stage oligomerization catalyst bed and/or a second oligomerization catalyst bed in situ by contact with an oxygen gas at elevated temperature. The oligomerization catalyst can be restored to full activity. A regeneration process can enable continuous operation.

Abstract: An ethanol dehydration process is provided in which the steam to ethanol ratio is between about 1.0 to 2.0 wt/wt and preferably about 1.5 wt/wt. Steam can be imported from outside the dehydration process such as from an oligomerization or dimerization reaction.

Abstract: A feed stream of cyclic paraffins may be separated to obtain an overhead of methylcyclopentane or cyclohexane and a bottoms stream cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane. The overhead stream may be subjected to separation of normal paraffins from non-normal paraffins with the former being isomerized or the entire overhead stream may be isomerized. In a further embodiment, the bottoms stream may be subjected to steam cracking. In an additional embodiment, the feed stream of cyclic paraffins may be formerly subjected to aromatic saturation.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing an olefin stream comprising charging a light olefin vapor stream comprising ethylene to a first oligomerization reactor containing a first oligomerization catalyst to produce a first oligomerized stream. A heavy olefin liquid stream comprising C3-C8 olefin liquids stream is charged to a second oligomerization reactor containing a second oligomerization catalyst to produce a second oligomerized stream. The two oligomerized streams can be processed to recover fuel streams together.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus for hydrogenating olefins wherein the hydrogen stream is generated from the electrolysis of water is described. Water is derived from a first reaction step wherein a first feed stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons is reacted to produce a first reacted product stream comprising olefins and a second reacted product stream comprising water. The second reacted product stream is electrolyzed to produce an electrolyzer product stream comprising hydrogen. Hydrogen is used to hydrogenate olefins. A paraffin stream can be obtained from the hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: The process produces a diesel stream from a biorenewable feedstock by hydrotreating to remove heteroatoms and saturate olefins. The recycle gas is recycled to the hydrotreating reactor without removing hydrogen sulfide, which is needed in the biorenewable feed to keep the hydrotreating catalyst active. A purification unit can be utilized on a purge gas stream to purify the gas and improve hydrogen concentration in the recycle gas when added to the recycle gas.

Abstract: A process of converting an ethanol feed stream to ethylene comprising sending portions of said ethanol feed stream to two reactors in parallel and then sending the combined product to a third reactor that is operated at a higher temperature to prevent the formation of ethers such as diethyl ether.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which oligomerizes a recycle olefin stream with a charge olefin stream in a first-stage oligomerization reactor. The first-stage oligomerate is oligomerized in a second-stage oligomerzation reactor to provide a second-stage oligomerate stream. A recycle olefin stream is taken from said second-stage oligomerate stream.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which oligomerizes a recycle olefin stream with charge olefin streams in a first-stage oligomerization reactor. The first-stage oligomerate is oligomerized in a second-stage oligomerization reactor to provide a second-stage oligomerate stream. A recycle olefin stream is taken from said second-stage oligomerate stream. A dealkanizer column can be used to remove light alkanes that would be inert and accumulate in a recycle loop. The second-stage oligomer product stream is hydrogenated to produce fuels.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus for hydrogenating olefins wherein the hydrogen stream is generated from the electrolysis of water is described. Water is derived from a first reaction step wherein a first feed stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons is reacted to produce a first reacted product stream comprising olefins and a second reacted product stream comprising water. The second reacted product stream is electrolyzed to produce an electrolyzer product stream comprising hydrogen. Hydrogen is used to hydrogenate olefins. A paraffin stream can be obtained from the hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which oligomerizes a recycle olefin stream with a charge olefin stream in a first-stage oligomerization reactor. The first-stage oligomerate is oligomerized in a second-stage oligomerzation reactor to provide a second-stage oligomerate stream. The second-stage oligomer stream is hydrogenated to produce fuels. A stripping column is used to prepare the hydrogenated fuel streams for fractionation.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefin streams comprising sending olefin streams comprising a C2? olefin vapor stream and a C3+ olefin liquids stream to a first stage oligomerization reactor containing a solid acid oligomerization catalyst to produce a first stage oligomerized stream; oligomerizing said first-stage oligomerization stream in a second stage oligomerization reactor containing a metal catalyst to provide a second stage oligomerized stream.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus for ethanol dehydration combines a fired heater with a dehydration reactor in a single vessel. The reactor provides catalyst tubes in a firebox. The catalyst may be added to and withdrawn from the catalyst tubes. The apparatus reduces equipment account substantially while holding the reaction to isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which subjects oligomerized product to hydrocracking and perhaps hydroisomerization to convert heavier oligomers to jet fuel range oligomers. A jet fuel product stream may be taken from a side of a stripping column which produces a heavy drag stream from a bottom of the stripping column to ensure an end point boiling specification is achieved.

Abstract: An ethanol dehydration process is disclosed. The process comprises adding an amount of steam to a feed to the dehydration reactor to provide a charge stream. The steam stream is mixed with the feed to the dehydration reactor such that the steam to ethanol ratio is between about 0.5 to about 5.0 wt/wt. The charge stream is passed to a dehydration reactor to produce a dehydrated stream. Steam can be imported from outside the dehydration process such as from an oligomerization or dimerization reaction. Steam can be produced from the dehydrated stream.

Abstract: An integrated process for hydrogenating olefins wherein the hydrogen stream is generated from electrolysis of water is described. Water is derived from a first reaction step wherein a first feed stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons is reacted to produce a first reacted product stream comprising olefins and a second reacted product stream comprising water. The second reacted product stream is electrolyzed to produce an electrolyzer product stream comprising hydrogen. Hydrogen is used to hydrogenate olefins. A paraffin stream can be obtained from the hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: An integrated process for hydrogenating olefins wherein the hydrogen stream is generated from electrolysis of water is described. Water is derived from a first reaction step wherein a first feed stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons is reacted to produce a first reacted product stream comprising olefins and a second reacted product stream comprising water. The second reacted product stream is electrolyzed to produce an electrolyzer product stream comprising hydrogen. Hydrogen is used to hydrogenate olefins. A paraffin stream can be obtained from the hydrogenated effluent.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which utilizes a solid acid catalyst for ethylene oligomerization in a first stage and a metal catalyst for further oligomerization in a second stage. Distillate fuels can be produced from the process. Oligomerized olefins may be recycled to the first stage oligomerization reaction to ensure sufficient oligomerization of smaller olefins.

Abstract: A process of converting an ethanol feed stream to ethylene comprising sending portions of said ethanol feed stream to two reactors in parallel and then sending the combined product to a third reactor that is operated at a higher temperature to prevent the formation of ethers such as diethyl ether.