Abstract: A method providing an answer to an input question containing at least one time-sensitive word or at least one time-sensitive phrase using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving the input question. The method may also include performing natural language processing (NLP) analysis on the input question to extract a required value phrase. The method may further include forming at least one mathematical equation based on the extracted required value phrase. Additionally, the method may include forming at least one interim question based on the extracted required value phrase. The method may further include solving the at least one formed mathematical equation and the at least one formed interim question. The method may also include narrating the answer to the input question in natural language based on the solved at least one interim question or the solved at least one mathematical equation.

Abstract: One or more table content documents (TCDs) can be constructed for a set of tabular data or portion thereof. A set of query features corresponding to a question can be matched to one or more TCDs. A respective candidate answer can be generated for each of the one or more TCDs having a set of features matching the set of query features above a threshold. Zero or more candidate answers can be output to a user consumable data object.

Abstract: A method providing an answer to an input question containing at least one time-sensitive word or at least one time-sensitive phrase using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving the input question. The method may also include performing natural language processing (NLP) analysis on the input question to extract a required value phrase. The method may further include forming at least one mathematical equation based on the extracted required value phrase. Additionally, the method may include forming at least one interim question based on the extracted required value phrase. The method may further include solving the at least one formed mathematical equation and the at least one formed interim question. The method may also include narrating the answer to the input question in natural language based on the solved at least one interim question or the solved at least one mathematical equation.

Abstract: A method providing an answer to an input question containing at least one time-sensitive word or at least one time-sensitive phrase using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving the input question. The method may also include performing natural language processing (NLP) analysis on the input question to extract a required value phrase. The method may further include forming at least one mathematical equation based on the extracted required value phrase. Additionally, the method may include forming at least one interim question based on the extracted required value phrase. The method may further include solving the at least one formed mathematical equation and the at least one formed interim question. The method may also include narrating the answer to the input question in natural language based on the solved at least one interim question or the solved at least one mathematical equation.

Abstract: A method providing an answer to an input question containing at least one time-sensitive word or at least one time-sensitive phrase using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving the input question. The method may also include performing natural language processing (NLP) analysis on the input question to extract a required value phrase. The method may further include forming at least one mathematical equation based on the extracted required value phrase. Additionally, the method may include forming at least one interim question based on the extracted required value phrase. The method may further include solving the at least one formed mathematical equation and the at least one formed interim question. The method may also include narrating the answer to the input question in natural language based on the solved at least one interim question or the solved at least one mathematical equation.

Abstract: A method for solving and answering an arithmetic or algebraic problem using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving an input statement associated with the arithmetic or algebraic problem. The method may also include determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. The method may further include converting each statement into a well-formed sentence based on the determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. Additionally, the method may include converting each well-formed sentence into a mathematical equation to form a set of equations. Also, the method may include solving the set of equations to compute a mathematical result. The method may include narrating the mathematical result in natural language.

Abstract: Generating distractors for text-based MCT items. An MCT item stem is received. The stem is transmitted to a QA system and a plurality of candidate answers related to the stem is received from the QA system. Incorrect answers in the plurality of candidate answers are identified. Textual features are extracted from the stem. A set of semantic criteria associated with the extracted textual features is generated. Based on the generated semantic criteria, a subset of the incorrect candidate answers is selected.

Abstract: Generating distractors for text-based MCT items. An MCT item stem is received. The stem is transmitted to a QA system and a plurality of candidate answers related to the stem is received from the QA system. Incorrect answers in the plurality of candidate answers are identified. Textual features are extracted from the stem. A set of semantic criteria associated with the extracted textual features is generated. Based on the generated semantic criteria, a subset of the incorrect candidate answers is selected.

Abstract: A computer system for solving and answering an arithmetic or algebraic problem using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The computer system may include receiving an input statement associated with the arithmetic or algebraic problem. The computer system may also include determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. The computer system may further include converting each statement into a well-formed sentence based on the determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. Additionally, the computer system may include converting each well-formed sentence into a mathematical equation to form a set of equations. Also, the computer system may include solving the set of equations to compute a mathematical result.

Abstract: An approach is provided for managing a deployment of a software package. First and second quality assurance (QA) seals are determined to match exactly one QA seal and no QA seal, respectively, in a plurality of QA seals. First details about hardware, middleware, and applications required in a first environment, which are included in the first QA seal, are determined to match second details of the first environment. Based on the first QA seal matching exactly one QA seal and the first details matching the second details, the software package is determined to be compatible with the first environment and a notification is generated authorizing the deployment of the software package to the first environment. Based on the second QA seal not matching any of the plurality of QA seals, a notification is generated indicating that the deployment of the software package to a second environment is not authorized.

Abstract: A method for archival management of business processes in a cloud environment is provided. In one aspect, the method comprises archiving managed pool including one or more versions of a business process instance or business process execution in a cloud computing environment. The method further comprises a provisioning manager of the cloud computing environment that requests or tasks provisioning, deprovisioning, decommissioning or deleting the one or more versions of a business process instance or business process execution. For each of the requests or tasks, a restore manager of the cloud environment determines, if the managed pools of virtual instances contain a business process management environment or a business process archive manager environment. The restore manager further recreates a previous version of the one or more versions of the business process instance or business process execution based on the determination.

Abstract: An approach is provided for managing a deployment of a software package. A retrieved quality assurance (QA) seal corresponding to a software package is verified. A target deployment environment (TDE) is obtained. The QA seal is read to obtain first and second profiles, and metadata, which specify a deployment environment, hardware and software dependencies required in the deployment, and an approval for a release of the software package to the specified deployment environment, respectively. Based on a determination that the TDE matches the specified deployment environment, the QA seal indicates the software package is compatible with the TDE. The dependencies are determined to be satisfied. Based on the software package being compatible with the TDE, the dependencies being satisfied, and the specified approval for the release of the software package, a notification of an authorization of the deployment of the software package to the TDE is generated.

Abstract: An approach is provided in which identifying a plurality of sections included in a Portable Document Format (PDF) file with each section being at a unique set of coordinate positions. At least one of the sections is identified as being a graphic image. The graphic image section is converted to a meaningful textual representations using a conversion process. An output document is then generated that includes the meaningful textual representation.

Abstract: During ingestion of non-natural language text content into a knowledge base, a question answering computing system (QA system) converts the content into natural language text. The QA system identifies natural language sentences in the content and converts the sentences into well-formed simple sentences by resolving grammatical ambiguities in the sentences. The QA system then generates question-answer pairs (QA pairs) from the well-formed simple sentence and stores the QA pairs in a persistent store.

Abstract: Machine logic (for example, software) that performs the following steps: (i) providing a parent table including a set of nested table(s) so that the parent table has N levels of nestedness, with N being an integer greater than one; and (ii) extracting a first nested table at the Nth level of nestedness where N is an integer equal to or greater than one, with a value of one representing the root table, and with greater values representing tables nested within the root table; and (iii) replacing the first nested table with equivalent narration text. Software is agnostic with respect to parent tables having different structural patterns, different file formats, and/or different cell layouts.

Abstract: Machine logic (for example, software) that performs the following steps: (i) providing a parent table including a set of nested table(s) so that the parent table has N levels of nestedness, with N being an integer greater than one; and (ii) extracting a first nested table at the Nth level of nestedness where N is an integer equal to or greater than one, with a value of one representing the root table, and with greater values representing tables nested within the root table; and (iii) replacing the first nested table with equivalent narration text. Software is agnostic with respect to parent tables having different structural patterns, different file formats, and/or different cell layouts.

Abstract: A method providing an answer to an input question containing at least one time-sensitive word or at least one time-sensitive phrase using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving the input question. The method may also include performing natural language processing (NLP) analysis on the input question to extract a required value phrase. The method may further include forming at least one mathematical equation based on the extracted required value phrase. Additionally, the method may include forming at least one interim question based on the extracted required value phrase. The method may further include solving the at least one formed mathematical equation and the at least one formed interim question. The method may also include narrating the answer to the input question in natural language based on the solved at least one interim question or the solved at least one mathematical equation.

Abstract: A computer system for solving and answering an arithmetic or algebraic problem using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The computer system may include receiving an input statement associated with the arithmetic or algebraic problem. The computer system may also include determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. The computer system may further include converting each statement into a well-formed sentence based on the determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. Additionally, the computer system may include converting each well-formed sentence into a mathematical equation to form a set of equations. Also, the computer system may include solving the set of equations to compute a mathematical result.

Abstract: A method for solving and answering an arithmetic or algebraic problem using natural language processing (NLP) is provided. The method may include receiving an input statement associated with the arithmetic or algebraic problem. The method may also include determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. The method may further include converting each statement into a well-formed sentence based on the determining whether each sentence within a plurality of sentences associated with the input statement is a well-formed sentence from a mathematical perspective. Additionally, the method may include converting each well-formed sentence into a mathematical equation to form a set of equations. Also, the method may include solving the set of equations to compute a mathematical result. The method may include narrating the mathematical result in natural language.

Abstract: A computer system for narrating a table using at least one narration template, wherein the table is extracted from a data source is provided. The computer system may include parsing the extracted table. The computer system may also include performing structural analysis on the parsed extracted table. The computer system may further include selecting at least one structural template based on the structural analysis of the parsed extracted table. Additionally, the computer system may include selecting the at least one narration template based on the at least one selected structural template. The computer system may also include applying the at least one selected narration template to the extracted table. The computer system may further include narrating the extracted table based on the applying of the at least one selected narration template to the extracted table.