Abstract: A battery cell system and an associated monitoring system is provided which includes at least an anode, a cathode, a separator formed from a base layer, first and second contacts and a reference component. The anode and cathode are disposed in a lithium ion non-aqueous solution within a housing. The base layer of the separator includes a first side and a second side. The base layer is operatively configured to separate the anode and the cathode within the housing. The first contact of the separator is affixed to the first side of the base layer between the base layer and an anode. The second contact is affixed to the second side of the base layer with the reference component disposed on the second contact.

Abstract: A reference structure and a separator assembly is provided. The separator assembly provides a base layer, a first contact, an optional second contact and a reference component which may be implemented in various applications. The base layer includes a first side and a second side. The first contact is affixed on the first side of the base layer between the base layer and an anode. The second contact is affixed on the second side of the base layer. A reference component is affixed to the second side of the base layer and the optional second contact, if implemented. The reference structure includes a semi-permeable reference component affixed or coupled to a base element.

Abstract: A battery cell testing fixture is provided which includes a user interface, a separator assembly and an optional stand. The user interface includes a module for receiving input voltage data from at least one circuit to provide a variety of battery cell conditions. The separator assembly includes an integrated reference electrode or reference component. The separator assembly is operatively configured to be used with a plurality of test batteries in succession. The separator assembly may be operatively configured to communicate with a current collector, a meter and the user interface.

Abstract: System and methods for estimating a future power capability of a battery system included in a vehicle are presented. In some embodiments, a method for estimating a future power capability of a battery system may include determining an initial battery voltage when the battery operates at a current limit and estimating a future battery current at a first time when the battery operates at the associated voltage limit based on the initial battery current. A future battery voltage at the first time when the battery operates at the associated current limit may be determined based on the initial battery voltage. An estimated voltage-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery current and an estimated current-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery voltage.

Abstract: A battery cell system and an associated monitoring system is provided which includes at least an anode, a cathode, a separator formed from a base layer, first and second contacts and a reference component. The anode and cathode are disposed in a lithium ion non-aqueous solution within a housing. The base layer of the separator includes a first side and a second side. The base layer is operatively configured to separate the anode and the cathode within the housing. The first contact of the separator is affixed to the first side of the base layer between the base layer and an anode. The second contact is affixed to the second side of the base layer with the reference component disposed on the second contact.

Abstract: A reference structure and a separator assembly is provided. The separator assembly provides a base layer, a first contact, an optional second contact and a reference component which may be implemented in various applications. The base layer includes a first side and a second side. The first contact is affixed on the first side of the base layer between the base layer and an anode. The second contact is affixed on the second side of the base layer. A reference component is affixed to the second side of the base layer and the optional second contact, if implemented. The reference structure includes a semi-permeable reference component affixed or coupled to a base element.

Abstract: A battery cell testing fixture is provided which includes a user interface, a separator assembly and an optional stand. The user interface includes a module for receiving input voltage data from at least one circuit to provide a variety of battery cell conditions. The separator assembly includes an integrated reference electrode or reference component. The separator assembly is operatively configured to be used with a plurality of test batteries in succession. The separator assembly may be operatively configured to communicate with a current collector, a meter and the user interface.

Abstract: System and methods for estimating a future power capability of a battery system included in a vehicle are presented. In some embodiments, a method for estimating a future power capability of a battery system may include determining an initial battery voltage when the battery operates at a current limit and estimating a future battery current at a first time when the battery operates at the associated voltage limit based on the initial battery current. A future battery voltage at the first time when the battery operates at the associated current limit may be determined based on the initial battery voltage. An estimated voltage-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery current and an estimated current-limited power capability of the battery at the first time may be determined based on the future battery voltage.

Abstract: Methods and systems for adjusting the voltage limits of a battery. In some implementations, voltage data may be received from each of a plurality of battery sections of a vehicle battery. A voltage offset for the vehicle battery may be calculated using the voltage data. The voltage offset may be calculated by determining a difference between an average voltage taken from each of the plurality of battery sections and at least one of a minimum voltage of all of the battery cells and an average cell voltage from a battery section having the lowest average cell voltage. The voltage offset may be applied to dynamically adjust a voltage limit associated with the vehicle battery so as to prevent any of the battery cells in the vehicle battery from exceeding the voltage limit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating the relative capacity of individual battery subdivisions in a battery system are presented. In some embodiments, a system may include calculation system configured to analyze the electrical parameters to generate derivative values of the parameters over a period of time. The calculation system may further calculate summation values associated with individual battery subdivisions based upon the derivate values. A battery control system may utilize the summation values to generate one or more commands configured to control an aspect of an operation of the battery pack based on using the summation values. The summation values associated with battery subdivisions may be used to determine a relative capacity for storing electrical energy, according to some embodiments. The determination of relative capacity may be used by a control system to prevent over-discharge of a battery subdivision having the lowest energy storage capacity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for adjusting the voltage limits of a battery. In some implementations, voltage data may be received from each of a plurality of battery sections of a vehicle battery. A voltage offset for the vehicle battery may be calculated using the voltage data. The voltage offset may be calculated by determining a difference between an average voltage taken from each of the plurality of battery sections and at least one of a minimum voltage of all of the battery cells and an average cell voltage from a battery section having the lowest average cell voltage. The voltage offset may be applied to dynamically adjust a voltage limit associated with the vehicle battery so as to prevent any of the battery cells in the vehicle battery from exceeding the voltage limit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating the relative capacity of individual battery subdivisions in a battery system are presented. In some embodiments, a system may include calculation system configured to analyze the electrical parameters to generate derivative values of the parameters over a period of time. The calculation system may further calculate summation values associated with individual battery subdivisions based upon the derivate values. A battery control system may utilize the summation values to generate one or more commands configured to control an aspect of an operation of the battery pack based on using the summation values. The summation values associated with battery subdivisions may be used to determine a relative capacity for storing electrical energy, according to some embodiments. The determination of relative capacity may be used by a control system to prevent over-discharge of a battery subdivision having the lowest energy storage capacity.