Abstract: Shortened links are useful but are difficult for human users to remember. A method of encoding a character string with steps of receiving from a user the character string, storing the character string in a machine-readable data store, storing an encoded string in combination with the character string, the encoded string has a sequence of characters from a standard character set, each character is presented in a one colour selected from a predetermined group of colours. An unique code to be created has a short string of characters, each in a colour. The wider character set that is (effectively) created by the use of multiple colours means that the length of the encoded string can be reduced whilst still retaining an adequate number of potential combinations. This shorter string is more easily remembered by a human user, especially when made up of four characters in four colours.

Abstract: A unique real time method by which an individual, using e-commerce may immediately, or at some other time, purchase material goods or services (product(s)), from all types of media. The media is any type of visual auditory or other sensory media now or in the future, anywhere in the universe and includes but is not limited to all types of television, radio, internet streaming, theater, concert, skywriting, billboards (static and electronic), aerial displays, jumbotrons, posters, art, DVDs, commercials, videos (online or offline), videotapes, films, videogames or printed media. The material goods and services (product(s)) are any partial, single or multiple item made available for sale by the producers or creators of the media. The products may be included in the program material or they may be associated in any way including, but not limited to commercial advertising or sponsorship, at the discretion of the producers or creators.