Abstract: A process for production of galacto-oligosaccharides is provided. The process for production of galacto-oligosaccharides includes growing Sporobolomyces singularis in a fermentation medium, harvesting the said microbes from the fermentation medium, inoculating the said microbes with lactose solution in a reactor and incubating in an aerobic condition to convert lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides. The process also includes separating the galacto-oligosaccharides from the microbes; filtering thus obtained galacto-oligosaccharides; and optionally making the powder form of galacto-oligosaccharides. The process for producing galacto-oligosaccharides provides high yield and high purity.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of increasing relative abundance of Oscillospira in gastro-intestinal tract of a subject. The method comprising administering to said subject at least 2.5 g per day of fructo-oligosaccharide, such that the abundance of Oscillospira is increased to a statistically significant level when measured by F-test. A composition for increasing relative abundance of Oscillospira in gastro-intestinal tract of a subject is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for production of galacto-oligosaccharides is provided. The process for production of galacto-oligosaccharides includes growing Sporobolomyces singularis in a fermentation medium, harvesting the said microbes from the fermentation medium, inoculating the said microbes with lactose solution in a reactor and incubating in an aerobic condition to convert lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides. The process also includes separating the galacto-oligosaccharides from the microbes; filtering thus obtained galacto-oligosaccharides; and optionally making the powder form of galacto-oligosaccharides. The process for producing galacto-oligosaccharides provides high yield and high purity.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of increasing relative abundance of Oscillospira in gastro-intestinal tract of a subject. The method comprising administering to said subject at least 2.5 g per day of fructo-oligosaccharide, such that the abundance of Oscillospira is increased to a statistically significant level when measured by F-test. A composition for increasing relative abundance of Oscillospira in gastro-intestinal tract of a subject is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of increasing abundance of Lachnospira in gastro intestinal tract of a subject. The method comprising administering to said subject at least 5 grams per day of fructo-oligosaccharide, such that the abundance of Lachnospira is increased to a statistically significant level when measured by F-test. A composition for increasing abundance of Lachnospira in gastro intestinal tract of a subject is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing xylitol from xylose by a yeast strain capable of converting the xylose to xylitol comprising independently growing the yeast strain in a medium; transferring the yeast strain from the medium to a feed solution, the feed solution comprising of xylose in water, and separating the xylitol from said feed solution.